ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
New Trends in Immunohistochemical Methods to Estimate the Time since Death: A Review.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Forensic applications of postmortem protein analysis in estimating the time since death: a systematic review.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Immunohistochemical Assessment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- microRNAs as New Biomolecular Markers to Estimate Time since Death: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Raman mapping on Ag-covered nanostructured substrates as an innovative approach for rapid estimation of post-mortem interval on human whole blood.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval Under Extreme Heat Environments: A Climate-Adaptive Case Series Based on Artificial Intelligence-Supported Diagnostics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- FTIR Spectroscopy of Vitreous Humor for Postmortem Interval Estimation: A Multivariate Regression Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Monitoring changes in the eyes - the significance of the post-mortem interval in asphyxia.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- AI-Assisted Diagnostic Evaluation of IHC in Forensic Pathology: A Comparative Study with Human Scoring.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- AnViruses · 2025Article
- Novel insights into estimating the postmortem interval: red cell distribution width - standard deviation.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Histological and Immunohistochemical Evidence in Hypothermia-Related Death: An Experimental Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- UPLC/Q-TOF MS-based femoral muscle metabolomic analysis under high-temperature: a proof of concept for postmortem interval estimation.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- RedefiningFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Challenges in Uncommon Firearm Injury Cases: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Estimation of time since death using cardiac troponin I in case of death due to asphyxia and cardiotoxicity of acebutolol.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Post-mortem Interval estimate based on dental pulp: A histomorphology approach.The Journal of forensic odonto-stomatology · 2024Article
- Dental DNA Mutations Occurring after Death: A Novel Method for Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) Estimation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Neurobiology and medico-legal aspects of suicides among older adults: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Systematic Review of Penetrating Cardiac Injury by a Firearm: Forensic Implications.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Post-Mortem Interval and Microbiome Analysis through 16S rRNA Analysis: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The identification of a reliable and accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) is a major challenge in the field of forensic sciences and criminal investigation. Several laboratory techniques have recently been developed that offer a better contribution to the estimation of PMI, in addition to the traditional physical or physico-chemical (body cooling, lividity, radiocarbon dating, rigor mortis), chemical (autolysis), microbiological (putrefaction), entomological, as well as botanical parameters. Molecular biology (degradation pattern of macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA), biochemical analysis of biological fluids (such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor), and immunohistochemistry are some of the most recent technological innovations. A systematic review of the literature was performed with the aim of presenting an up-to-date overview on the correlation between the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of specific antigenic markers at different PMIs. The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Scopus and PubMed were used as search engines from January 1, 1998 to March 1, 2022 to evaluate the effectiveness of immunohistochemistry in estimating PMI. The following keywords were used: (immunohistochemical) OR (immunohistochemistry) AND (time since death) OR (post-mortem interval) OR (PMI). A total of 6571 articles were collected. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in this review. The results of this systematic review highlighted that IHC techniques, in association with traditional methods, add, in Bayesian terms, additional information to define a more accurate time of death and PMI. However, current IHC results are numerically limited and more data and studies are desirable in the near future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.