ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
New Approach to Addison Disease: Oral Manifestations Due to Endocrine Dysfunction and Comorbidity Burden.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucocutaneous Hyperpigmentation as the Diagnostic Clue to Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Oral manifestations of endocrine disorders among patients attending the paediatric endocrinology clinic in the lagos university teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Woman with a Blackened Tongue: A Case Report.Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Periodontal disease and endocrine imbalance: a molecular pathways perspective.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Tongue Hyperpigmentation as a Useful Bedside Marker for Addison's Disease.Indian dermatology online journal · 2026Article
- AI-driven tongue image analysis for diagnosing and predicting coronary artery disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Molecular Comorbidity Network of Periodontal Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- IL-22 in Atopic Dermatitis.Cells · 2024Review
- Dentists' knowledge and attitudes regarding PFPT: A single study in East Java, Indonesia.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Differential Diagnosis of Pigmented Lesions in the Oral Mucosa: A Clinical Based Overview and Narrative Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Celiac Disease-Related Enamel Defects: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review highlights oral anomalies with major clinical impact in Addison disease (AD), including dental health and dermatologic features, through a dual perspective: pigmentation issues and AD comorbidities with oral manifestations. Affecting 92% of AD patients, cutaneomucosal hyperpigmentation is synchronous with or precedes general manifestations by up to a decade, underlying melanocytic infiltration of the basal epidermal layer; melanophages in the superficial dermis; and, rarely, acanthosis, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, and hyperkeratosis. Intraoral pigmentation might be the only sign of AD; thus, early recognition is mandatory, and biopsy is helpful in selected cases. The buccal area is the most affected location; other sites are palatine arches, lips, gums, and tongue. Pigmented oral lesions are patchy or diffuse; mostly asymptomatic; and occasionally accompanied by pain, itchiness, and burn-like lesions. Pigmented lingual patches are isolated or multiple, located on dorsal and lateral areas; fungiform pigmented papillae are also reported in AD individuals. Dermoscopy examination is particularly indicated for fungal etiology; yet, it is not routinely performed. AD's comorbidity burden includes the cluster of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 1 underlying
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Registered trials
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