ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not?
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Association of inflammatory biomarkers with physical and cognitive frailty in a Spanish population of older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Interplay Among Endothelial Dysfunction, NLRP3 Pathway Activation, and microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein induces microglia senescence-mediated cognitive impairment via Glycolysis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Targeting of the PI3 K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway in Parkinson's Disease: A Therapeutic Blueprint.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The AMPK/GDF15 Axis: A Novel Target for the Neuroprotective Effects of Metformin in Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The potential role of carvedilol in COVID-19 management: perspective and take-away.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of secondary attack rates in Moroccan households.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Differential Roles of Angiotensin A and Alamandine in Parkinson's Disease: A Therapeutic Perspective on Nonclassical RAS Pathways.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- The Possible Role of Metformin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Together.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Autophagy modulators in type 2 diabetes: A new perspective.Journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Pharmacological characterization of the antidiabetic drug metformin in atherosclerosis inhibition: A comprehensive insight.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- The possible role furin and furin inhibitors in endometrial adenocarcinoma: A narrative review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- A natural product YSK-A blocks SARS-CoV-2 propagation by targeting multiple host genes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.Cell stress & chaperones · 2023Review
- Antidepressants and type 2 diabetes: highways to knowns and unknowns.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Review
- Potential role of tirzepatide towards Covid-19 infection in diabetic patients: a perspective approach.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Parkinson's Disease Risk and Hyperhomocysteinemia: The Possible Link.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- The potential effect of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Higher proinflammatory responses possibly contributing to suppressed cytotoxicity in patients with COVID-19 associated mucormycosis.Immunobiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily caused by various forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, multi-organ injury (MOI)-like acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Different biomarkers are used in the assessment of COVID-19 severity including D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Interestingly, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently become a potential biomarker correlated with the COVID-19 severity. Thus, this critical review aimed to determine the critical association between GDF15 and COVID-19. The perfect function of GDF15 remains not well-recognized; nevertheless, it plays a vital role in controlling cell growth, apoptosis and inflammatory activation. Furthermore, GDF15 may act as anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signaling in diverse cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, the release of GDF15 is activated by various growth factors and cytokines including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), angiotensin II (AngII) and p53. Therefore, higher expression of GDF15 in COVID-19 might a compensatory mechanism to stabilize and counteract dysregulated inflammatory reactions. In conclusion, GDF15 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that could be associated with the COVID-19 severity. Increased GDF15 could be a compensatory mechanism against hyperinflammation and exaggerated immune response in the COVID-19. Experimental, preclinical and large-scale clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.