ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Derivation of a Precise and Consistent Timeline for Antibiotic Development.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Where and when to strike: Spatiotemporally controlled smart nanomedicines for precision antibacterial therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in orthopedics: microbial insights, clinical impact, and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach-a review.Acta orthopaedica · 2025Review
- Advancements in alternative approaches to address antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pneumonia: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities of multifunctional pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine acetamides.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2025Article
- Assessing Normandy Soil Microbial Diversity for Antibacterial Activities Using Traditional Culture and iChip Methods.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Intertwining clonality and resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Integrating bacterial molecular genetics with chemical biology for renewed antibacterial drug discovery.The Biochemical journal · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Metal Complexes for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2023Review
- A mechanism-based pathway toward administering highly active N-phage cocktails.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. New classes of antibiotics that can treat drug-resistant infections are urgently needed. To communicate this message, researchers have used antibiotic development timelines, but these are often contradictory or imprecise. We conducted a systematic literature review to produce an antibiotic timeline that incorporates the dates of discovery, first use, and initial reports of the emergence of resistance for the 38 classes of clinically used antibiotics. From our timeline, we derive lessons for identifying new antibiotics that are less prone to resistance. These include a required focus on molecules that exhibit multiple modes of action, possess unusually long 'resistance windows', or those that engage cellular targets whose molecular architectures are at least in part decoupled from evolutionary pressures. Our analysis also further highlights the importance of safeguarding antibiotics as a mechanism for mitigating the development of resistance. We have made our data and sources freely available so that the research community can adapt them to their own needs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.