ReviewBiomolecules2022
Co-Stimulatory Receptor Signaling in CAR-T Cells.
Review in Biomolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies and mechanisms for the enhancement of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functions.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on the Dual Role of Interleukin-1 in CAR T-Cell Therapy: Enhancer and Mitigator.Iranian biomedical journal · 2024Pooled it
- The current state and trends of immunotherapy research in lung cancer: a review and bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Preclinical advances in glofitamab combinations: a new frontier for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Blood · 2025Trial
- BCMA-BBZ-OX40 CAR-T Therapy Using an Instant Manufacturing Platform in Multiple Myeloma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Trial
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Co-stimulatory signal deficiency impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in tumor immune evasion: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- CAR T-Cell Therapy in Neurology: A Scoping Review of Neuro-Oncology, Autoimmune Diseases & Neurotoxicity.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Endogenous CD28 takes the driver's seat in 4-1BB co-stimulated CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Endogenous CD28 Drives the Persistent Activity of CAR T Cells in Myeloma and Lymphoma Models.Blood cancer discovery · 2026Article
- CAR-T cell therapy in breast cancer management: expanding horizon and overcoming challenges beyond hematologic cancers.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- In vivo CAR-T therapy: from molecular design to precision delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Targeting urological cancers with CAR-T cell therapy: current landscape and future directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Decoding signaling architectures: CAR versus TCR dynamics in solid tumor immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- CAR-engineered cell therapies: current understandings and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Put the CAR-T before the HRS: Advances in Anti-CD30 Immunotherapy Targeting Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg Cells in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Advanced strategies to enhance the safety, persistence, and efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR-T cell signaling dynamics, rational design principles and artificial intelligence for next-generation chimeric antigen receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells at the interface of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy resistance in endometrial cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T cell engineering strategies have emerged as successful immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of human cancer. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy represents a prominent synthetic biology approach to re-direct the specificity of a patient's autologous T cells toward a desired tumor antigen. CAR-T therapy is currently FDA approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies, including subsets of B cell lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and multiple myeloma. Mechanistically, CAR-mediated recognition of a tumor antigen results in propagation of T cell activation signals, including a co-stimulatory signal, resulting in CAR-T cell activation, proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and acquisition of effector functions. The importance of including a co-stimulatory domain in CARs was recognized following limited success of early iteration CAR-T cell designs lacking co-stimulation. Today, all CAR-T cells in clinical use contain either a CD28 or 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain. Preclinical investigations are exploring utility of including additional co-stimulatory molecules such as ICOS, OX40 and CD27 or various combinations of multiple co-stimulatory domains. Clinical and preclinical evidence implicates the co-stimulatory signal in several aspects of CAR-T cell therapy including response kinetics, persistence and durability, and toxicity profiles each of which impact the safety and anti-tumor efficacy of this immunotherapy. Herein we provide an overview of CAR-T cell co-stimulation by the prototypical receptors and discuss current and emerging strategies to modulate co-stimulatory signals to enhance CAR-T cell function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.