ReviewBrain sciences2022
Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Physician's Guide to the Clinical Spectrum Diagnosis and Management.
Review in Brain sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Investigating health related quality of life and clinical measures in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- A case of autoimmune encephalitis with autoimmune gastritis presenting as refractory hyponatremia.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Epilepsy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies.MedComm · 2026Review
- Three Challenging Cases of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case-Series and a Review of the Literature.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Early prediction of severe autoimmune encephalitis: development and validation of a model incorporating readily available lactate dehydrogenase.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Comparing the efficacy of first-line immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis: a scoping review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Rare brainstem involvement in anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis with Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies and Other Suspected Cases of Autoimmune Etiology: A Single-Center Experience in Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Central Positional Vertigo at the Onset of Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated With Antibodies to GAD65.Cureus · 2025Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis in Latin America. Clinical features and outcomes in pediatric and adult populations: retrospective cohort of The REAL LABIC Project.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis: Insights Into Immune-Mediated Central Nervous System Injury.Korean journal of radiology · 2024Review
- The Intersection of Autoimmunity and Neurology: Insights From a Case of Striatal Lupus Encephalitis.Cureus · 2024Article
- Anti-CASPR2 Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Presenting as Refractory Seizures.Cureus · 2024Article
- An Autopsy-proven Case-based Review of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Experimental neurobiology · 2024Review
- Long term survival and outcomes in patients with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Generalized Polyspike Pattern in EEG Due to Aseptic Meningoencephalitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis-A Multifaceted Pathology.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of anti-NMDA receptor-dominant autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rapidly expanding spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis in the last fifteen years is largely due to ongoing discovery of many neuronal autoantibodies. The diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis can be challenging due to the wide spectrum of clinical presentations, prevalence of psychiatric features that mimic primary psychiatric illnesses, frequent absence of diagnostic abnormalities on conventional brain MR-imaging, non-specific findings on EEG testing, and the lack of identified IgG class neuronal autoantibodies in blood or CSF in a subgroup of patients. Early recognition and treatment are paramount to improve outcomes and achieve complete recovery from these debilitating, occasionally life threatening, disorders. This review is aimed to provide primary care physicians and hospitalists who, together with neurologist and psychiatrists, are often the first port of call for individuals presenting with new-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms, with up-to-date data and evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders of suspected autoimmune origin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.