ArticleBiology2022
A Geometric Morphometric Study on Sexual Dimorphism in Viscerocranium.
Article in Biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-reported aggressiveness does not follow facial masculinization in diverse South Asian populations.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Sex Estimation Based on the Cranial Base of Three-Dimensional Skull Models from the Bosnia and Herzegovina Population Using Geometric Morphometrics.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Analysis of Upper Airway Morphology Using Four-Dimensional Dynamic MRI With Active Deep Learning-Based Automatic Segmentation.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Sex classification using exocranial surfaces in a multi-population sample.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- CT-Based Morphometric Analysis of Zygomaticomaxillary Suture Symmetry: Implications for Diagnostic Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current State of Knowledge Regarding the Treatment of Cranial Bone Defects: An Overview.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dimensions and position of the eye for facial approximations in a South African cone beam computed tomography sample.Journal of forensic sciences · 2025Article
- Midface Skeletal Sexual Dimorphism: Lessons Learned from Advanced Three-dimensional Imaging in the White Population.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Enhancing Sex Estimation Accuracy with Cranial Angle Measurements and Machine Learning.Biology · 2024Article
- Sex estimation techniques based on skulls in forensic anthropology: A scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
The level of sexual dimorphism manifested by human bones is an important factor for development of effective sex estimation methods. The aim of the study was to investigate the sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the viscerocranium using geometric morphometric techniques. It also aimed to explore the sex differences in distinct viscerocranial regions and to establish the most dimorphic region with regard to size and shape. Computed tomography images of 156 males and 184 females were used in the study. Three-dimensional coordinates of 31 landmarks were acquired. Five landmark configurations were constructed from the viscerocranium and its orbital, nasal, maxillary, and zygomatic region. Generalized Procrustes superimposition, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis were applied to each configuration. The significance of the sex differences in size and shape was assessed and significant differences were found in all configurations. The highest accuracy was obtained from both shape and size of the whole viscerocranium. Based on size only, the highest accuracy was achieved by the nasal region. The accuracy based on shape was generally low for all configurations, but the highest result was attained by the orbital region. Hence, size is a better sex discriminator than shape.
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