ArticleImmunity2022
Mucosal plasma cells are required to protect the upper airway and brain from infection.
Article in Immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Upper respiratory tract CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells protect against viral transmission.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Olfactory Tuft Cells Are Critical to Basal Inflammation, Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection, and Modulation of Quiescent Stem Cell Activation, Proliferation and Differentiation.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- On or within: spatial determinants of antigen handling in the nasal turbinates.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Activated immune cells present a lung interstitial-to-airway/alveolar cross-compartment sharing pattern in severe pneumonia.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers: how cytomegaloviruses manipulate myeloid cells to invade tissues.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Adapted Live SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits Rapid Mucosal Immunity, Protects From Disease, and Reduces Shedding of XBB.1.5.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Nasal humoral immunity: the first line of protection against respiratory pathogens.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Beyond Perineural Drainage: Revisiting the Olfactory Nerve as an Active Immunological Interface During Neuroinflammation.Immune network · 2026Article
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Universal broad-spectrum mucosal vaccine design for human coronaviruses inspired by artificial antibodies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Physiopathology of nasal and ecnomotopic olfactory receptors: focus on molecular pathways and potential pharmacological modulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- The evolution of antibody-secreting cell biological exploration: one mouse model at a time.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Intranasal bovine/human parainfluenza virus 3 vaccine candidates expressing human metapneumovirus wild-type or pre-fusion F protein elicit protective immunity against human metapneumovirus in hamsters.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Cell-to-Cell and Patient-to-Patient Variability in Antimicrobial Resistance.Microorganisms · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While blood antibodies mediate protective immunity in most organs, whether they protect nasal surfaces in the upper airway is unclear. Using multiple viral infection models in mice, we found that blood-borne antibodies could not defend the olfactory epithelium. Despite high serum antibody titers, pathogens infected nasal turbinates, and neurotropic microbes invaded the brain. Using passive antibody transfers and parabiosis, we identified a restrictive blood-endothelial barrier that excluded circulating antibodies from the olfactory mucosa. Plasma cell depletions demonstrated that plasma cells must reside within olfactory tissue to achieve sterilizing immunity. Antibody blockade and genetically deficient models revealed that this local immunity required CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.