Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36135248›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Patchouli Essential Oil Loaded Starch-Based Hydrogel.

H P S Abdul Khalil, Syaifullah Muhammad, Esam Bashir Yahya, Lee Kar Mun Amanda, Suriani Abu Bakar, C K Abdullah, Abd Rahim Aiman, M Marwan, Samsul Rizal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

H P S Abdul KhalilBioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-2403-809X
Syaifullah MuhammadChemical Engineering Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia.
Esam Bashir YahyaBioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-1599-1754
Lee Kar Mun AmandaBioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
Suriani Abu BakarNanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak 35900, Malaysia.
C K AbdullahGreen Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-9235-8346
Abd Rahim AimanSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-2325-4620
M MarwanChemical Engineering Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-8685-0115
Samsul RizalARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-1645-3613

Funding

External Research Grant 304/PTEKIND/6501194.A158Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Syiah Kuala 0
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Starch hydrogels are highly available, biocompatible and biodegradable materials that have promising applications in medical and pharmaceutical industries. However, their applications are very limited due to their poor mechanical properties and fragility. Here, we investigated, for the first time, conventional corn and waxy corn starch-based hydrogels for loading patchouli essential oil. The essential oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide with a yield reached 8.37 ± 1.2 wt.% (wet sample) at 80 °C temperature and 10 MPa pressure. Patchouli essential oil exhibited a 23 to 28 mm zone of inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Waxy starch hydrogels had better properties in term of viscosity, water evaporation stability and the delivery of essential oil than conventional starch hydrogels. The viscosity and spreadability of a 6% waxy starch sample were 15,016 ± 59 cP and 4.02 ± 0.34 g·cm/s, respectively, compared with those of conventional starch hydrogel (13,008 ± 29 cP and 4.59 ± 0.88 g·cm/s). Waxy starch-based hydrogels also provided slower in vitro biodegradation behavior and sustained release of essential oil compared with conventional starch hydrogels. All the samples were biocompatible and non-cytotoxic to fibroblast cells; the addition of patchouli essential oil enhances the proliferation of the cells. The enhanced viscosity, good antibacterial and improved biocompatibility results of prepared hydrogels confirm their suitability for wound healing applications.

Indexed as

antibacterialbiocompatibilityhydrogelpatchouli essential oilviscositywaxy starch

Identifiers

PMID36135248
PMCPMC9498342

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.