ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2022
Extracellular vesicles elicit protective immune responses against Salmonella infection.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron-related intercellular communication in the liver: Main players and mechanisms.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Reply to Babich, "Using exosomes for universal vaccines".Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- Clade-specific extracellular vesicles from Akkermansia muciniphila mediate competitive colonization via direct inhibition and immune stimulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evaluating small extracellular vesicle-based vaccination across heterologousInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Orally administered extracellular vesicles fromFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- PipC affects the virulence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Oncoviral Infections and Small Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Review
- The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology: A Prudent Target That Requires Careful Consideration.Cells · 2024Review
- ELISA-based detection of immunoglobulins against extracellular vesicles in blood plasma.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Changes in lipid composition of host-derived extracellular vesicles followingMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles elicit protective immune responses against Salmonella infection.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) produced by antigen-presenting cells represent a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. The sEVs have been shown to drive Th1-type adaptive immune responses against intracellular infections such as Salmonella. In this study, we have demonstrated that an administration of sEVs produced by Salmonella-infected macrophages to BALB/c mice that were then challenged with Salmonella infection decreased bacterial load in infected animals and led to protection against a lethal dose of Salmonella. Second, the same sEVs induced a robust production of IgA anti-Salmonella antibodies (Abs) in BALB/c mice, including IgA anti-OmpD Abs. These results show that the nanoscale sEVs stimulate adaptive immune responses against intracellular pathogens and that these sEVs can be used to provide animals with complete protection against lethal infection, such as the systemic bacterial infection in immunodeficient BALB/c mice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.