ArticleNanoscale advances2021
Dynamic interactions and intracellular fate of label-free, thin graphene oxide sheets within mammalian cells: role of lateral sheet size.
Article in Nanoscale advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell Toxicity and Autophagy in A549 Cells Treated With Surface-Functionalized Graphene Derivatives.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Interplay between material properties and cellular effects drives distinct pattern of interaction of graphene oxide with cancer and non-cancer cells.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Non-Cytotoxic Graphene Nanoplatelets Upregulate Cell Proliferation and Self-Renewal Genes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Multifaceted Characterization for the Hepatic Clearance of Graphene Oxide and Size-Related Hepatic Toxicity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Environmental and Health Impacts of Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials: A Graphene Flagship Perspective.ACS nano · 2024Review
- Adhesion States Greatly Affect Cellular Susceptibility to Graphene Oxide: Therapeutic Implications for Cancer Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Lung Persistence, Biodegradation, and Elimination of Graphene-Based Materials are Predominantly Size-Dependent and Mediated by Alveolar Phagocytes.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2023Article
- Role of Chemical Reduction and Formulation of Graphene Oxide on Its Cytotoxicity towards Human Epithelial Bronchial Cells.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Interactions of Graphene Oxide and Few-Layer Graphene with the Blood-Brain Barrier.Nano letters · 2023Article
- Graphene Oxides (GOs) with Different Lateral Dimensions and Thicknesses Affect the Molecular Response inNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Flake Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Approach for Triggering a Ferroptosis as an Attractive Theranostic Outlook for Tackling Non-Small Lung Cancer: A Mini Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) holds great potential for biomedical applications, however fundamental understanding of the way it interacts with biological systems is still lacking even though it is essential for successful clinical translation. In this study, we exploit intrinsic fluorescent properties of thin GO sheets to establish the relationship between lateral dimensions of the material, its cellular uptake mechanisms and intracellular fate over time. Label-free GO with distinct lateral dimensions, small (s-GO) and ultra-small (us-GO) were thoroughly characterised both in water and in biologically relevant cell culture medium. Interactions of the material with a range of non-phagocytic mammalian cell lines (BEAS-2B, NIH/3T3, HaCaT, 293T) were studied using a combination of complementary analytical techniques (confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and TEM). The uptake mechanism was initially interrogated using a range of pharmaceutical inhibitors and validated using polystyrene beads of different diameters (0.1 and 1 μm). Subsequently, RNA-Seq was used to follow the changes in the uptake mechanism used to internalize s-GO flakes over time. Regardless of lateral dimensions, both types of GO were found to interact with the plasma membrane and to be internalized by a panel of cell lines studied. However, s-GO was internalized mainly
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.