ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Autoantibodies elicited with SARS-CoV-2 infection are linked to alterations in double negative B cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral subversion of B-cell tolerance: mechanisms linking infection to autoimmunity.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Dysregulated BCR repertoire and metabolic state of HBsAg-specific B cells in chronic hepatitis B revealed by integrated single-cell analysis.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Age-associated B cells and double-negative B cells: two sides of the same coin? The answer depends on the context.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Differential immune profiles in elderly patients with non-severe versus severe SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection: dysregulation of antibody responses and B-cell subsets.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- B cells in non-lymphoid tissues.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- A multi-omics resource of B cell activation reveals genetic mechanisms for immune-mediated diseases.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The role of fatty acid metabolism on B cells and B cell-related autoimmune diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Subtype-specific atypical B cell profiles in myasthenia gravis reveal distinct immunopathological pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Unravelling B cell heterogeneity: insights into flow cytometry-gated B cells from single-cell multi-omics data.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Early immune factors associated with the development of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Functions of double-negative B cells in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers.EMBO molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by unswitched memory B cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Sarcoidosis-related autoimmune inflammation in COVID-19 convalescent patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific B cell and antibody responses in pre-vaccination period COVID-19 convalescent males and females with or without post-covid condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prolonged COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Double negative (DN) B cells (CD27-IgD-) comprise a heterogenous population of DN1, DN2, and the recently described DN3 and DN4 subsets. In autoimmune disease, DN2 cells are reported to be precursors to autoreactive antibody secreting cells and expansion of DN2 cells is linked to elevated interferon levels. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by elevated systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum autoantibodies and expansion of the DN2 subset in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported. However, the activation status, functional capacity and contribution to virally-induced autoantibody production by DN subsets is not established. Here, we validate the finding that severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a reduction in the frequency of DN1 cells coinciding with an increase in the frequency of DN2 and DN3 cells. We further demonstrate that with severe viral infection DN subsets are at a heightened level of activation, display changes in immunoglobulin class isotype frequency and have functional BCR signaling. Increases in overall systemic inflammation (CRP), as well as specific pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-1β), significantly correlate with the skewing of DN1, DN2 and DN3 subsets during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, the reduction in DN1 cell frequency and expansion of the DN3 population during severe infection significantly correlates with increased levels of serum autoantibodies. Thus, systemic inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes in Double Negative subset frequency, likely impacting their contribution to generation of autoreactive antibodies.
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