SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2022
Effect of active and passive warming on preventing hypothermia and shivering during cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07331168 (Evaluation of the Effect of Active Warming Applied to the Mother During Cesarean Section on Post-Breastfeeding Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Effect of Active Warming Applied to the Mother During Cesarean Section on Post-Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Intraoperative Active Warming Initiated at Anesthesia Induction on Core Temperature, Postoperative Pain and Agitation in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Trial
- Factors associated with hypothermia risk among patients undergoing cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025Article
- The effect of preventive administration of metaraminol on hypothermia and shivering in cesarean section patients randomized clinical trial --a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Intraoperative temperature management during emergency cesarean section: a retrospective observational study.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPerioperative hypothermia and shivering commonly occur in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. The warming method is usually used to prevent hypothermia and shivering. However, the effect of active warming (AW) prior to passive warming (PW) on the perioperative outcomes of pregnant women and their offspring remains controversial.
methodsThis study aimed to investigate the effects of AW and PW on maternal and newborn perioperative outcomes during cesarean delivery. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 7, 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess articles selected for the systematic review. Continuous data were analyzed using weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and categorical data were analyzed by the random-effects model.
resultsA total of 1241 participants from twelve RCTs were selected for the final meta-analysis. AW was associated with a lower risk of maternal hypothermia (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63-0.93, P = 0.007) and shivering (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.85; P = 0.007). AW was associated with high maternal temperature (WMD: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.14 to 0.40, P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between AW and PW in terms of hypothermia (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.24-1.51, P = 0.278), temperature (WMD: 0.31, 95% CI: - 0.00 to 0.62; P = 0.050), and umbilical vein PH in newborns (WMD: -0.00; 95% CI: - 0.02 to 0.02, P = 0.710).
conclusionsThese findings suggested that AW can better prevent maternal hypothermia and shivering than PW. In contrast, no significant effect was observed in newborns. Overall, the quality of the included studies is high due to RCTs, low risk of bias, consistency, and precision. We identified the quality of the overall evidence from the survey to be GRADE I.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.