ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2023
Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcus in Children in England up to 10 Years After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction: Persistence of Serotypes 3 and 19A and Emergence of 7C.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03102840 (Cross-sectional Study to Establish the Point Prevalence of Serotype 19A Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Fully Vaccinated Children Aged 6-48 Months 7 Years Following Introduction of PCV-13), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cross-sectional Study to Establish the Point Prevalence of Serotype 19A Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Fully Vaccinated Children Aged 6-48 Months 7 Years Following Introduction of PCV-13
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, V116, in Japanese healthy adults: A Phase I study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Serotype distribution ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Indirect Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumococcal Colonization: Persistence and Dynamics of Vaccine Serotypes in Sicily (Italy) 11 Years Postintroduction, 2009-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonising Cypriot children during a period of high PCV10 and PCV13 vaccine coverage: serotypes and antimicrobial resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Anticipating impact of implementing PCV20 or PCV21 vaccines for older adults in the immunisation programme for invasive pneumococcal disease, using nationwide surveillance data, Israel, 2009 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunization on Nasopharyngeal Carriage ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of 13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy infants in Shanghai during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Mediation of the Association Between Latent Clinical Phenotypes and Multidimensional Outcomes in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Changes in carriage and serotype diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other respiratory pathobionts in the UK between pre-PCV13 (2006-10), early-PCV13 (2010-12) and late-PCV13 (2012-23) periods.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Large-scale global molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance determinants inMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal genotype 23B1 as a driver of increased 23B serotype carriage, penicillin non-susceptibility, and invasive disease in Belgium: a retrospective analysis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- A new approach to define the optimal immunization strategy against pneumococcal disease: the example of Canada.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Article
- Pneumococcal Carriage and Disease in Adults in England, 2011-2019: The Importance of Adults as a Reservoir for Pneumococcus in Communities.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- PCV20 in pediatric pneumococcal prevention: expanded coverage, remaining challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction and Before a Schedule Change.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMonitoring changes in pharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus in children following 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction in the United Kingdom in 2010 informs understanding of patterns of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence.
methodsNasopharyngeal swabs from healthy children vaccinated with PCV13 according to schedule (2, 4, and 12 months) were cultured and serotyped. Results for children aged 13-48 months were compared between 2014-2015 and 2017-2019 and with children aged 6-12 months (2017-2020). Blood was obtained from a subset of children for pneumococcal serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG).
resultsTotal pneumococcal carriage at 13-48 months was 47.9% (473/988) in 2014-2015 and 51.8% (412/795) in 2017-2019 (P = .10); at age 6-12 months this value was 44.6% (274/615). In 2017-2019, 2.9% (95% confidence interval, 1.8%-4.3%) of children aged 13-48 months carried PCV13 serotypes (mainly 3 [1.5%] and 19A [0.8%]) and >20% carried the additional 20-valent PCV (PCV20) serotypes. Similar proportions of children had IgG ≥0.35 IU/mL for each serotype in 2014-2015 and 2017-2019. Serotype 7C carriage increased significantly (P < .01) between 2014-2015 and 2017-2019. Carriage of PCV20 serotypes 8 and 12F, both major causes of IPD, was rare.
conclusionsIntroduction of PCV20, if licensed for children, could significantly change the composition of pneumococcal serotypes carried in the pharynx of UK children. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT03102840.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.