ArticlePLoS pathogens2022
Infection increases activity via Toll dependent and independent mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- A day sleep promoting role of phototransduction inNeurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2026Article
- Pathogen-induced damage in Drosophila: Uncoupling disease tolerance from resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The ghost of infections past: Accounting for heterogeneity in individual infection history improves accuracy in epidemic forecasting.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System.Insects · 2025Review
- Chronic bacterial infections exert metabolic costs in Drosophila melanogaster.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- The NFκB Dif is required for behavioral and molecular correlates of sleep homeostasis in Drosophila.Sleep · 2024Article
- Influence of RVFV Infection on Olfactory Perception and Behavior inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved inProceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Host behavioural changes are among the most apparent effects of infection. 'Sickness behaviour' can involve a variety of symptoms, including anorexia, depression, and changed activity levels. Here, using a real-time tracking and behavioural profiling platform, we show that in Drosophila melanogaster, several systemic bacterial infections cause significant increases in physical activity, and that the extent of this activity increase is a predictor of survival time in some lethal infections. Using multiple bacteria and D. melanogaster immune and activity mutants, we show that increased activity is driven by at least two different mechanisms. Increased activity after infection with Micrococcus luteus, a Gram-positive bacterium rapidly cleared by the immune response, strictly requires the Toll ligand spätzle. In contrast, increased activity after infection with Francisella novicida, a Gram-negative bacterium that cannot be cleared by the immune response, is entirely independent of both Toll and the parallel IMD pathway. The existence of multiple signalling mechanisms by which bacterial infections drive increases in physical activity implies that this effect may be an important aspect of the host response.
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Registered trials
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