ArticlePloS one2022
Intimate-partner violence and its association with symptoms of depression, perceived health, and quality of life in the Himalayan Mountain Villages of Gilgit Baltistan.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Suicide and suicidal behavior in the gulf cooperation council countries: a Systematic Review of behavioral patterns, sociocultural determinants, and structural vulnerabilities.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Navigating Violence: Understanding Intimate Partner Violence in Saskatchewan's 2SLGBTQ+ Women.Violence against women · 2026Article
- Association between depressive symptoms and domestic violence and abuse among Nepali Women: A cross-sectional study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- Intimate partner violence is a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.AJOG global reports · 2023Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
STUDY
objectivesWe aimed to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated risk factors in married women in rural villages of Gilgit Baltistan in Pakistan.
methodsA cross-sectional design to assess the magnitude and factors associated with IPV in a random sample of 789 married women aged 18-49 years. A World Health Organization screening instrument was used to assess the presence of IPV in the previous 12 months. A locally validated instrument was adopted to identify self-reported symptoms of major depression according to the DSM IV. Trained nurses obtained socio-demographic and reproductive history through structured interviews. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate prevalence and identify significant predictors of IPV.
resultsThe mean age of the participants was 38.3 years (SD: ±12.8). The prevalence of IPV in women was 22.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 20.0-25.9), 18.5% in pregnant women (95% CI: 11.7-27.9) and significantly associated with depression in 55.1% of IPV cases. Husband education level (college/higher) (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.22-0.70) and high household income (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.29-0.68) were protective against IPV. Increase in age (AOR;1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.02) and poor relationship with mother-in-law increased the risk of IPV (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.90-4.28). IPV was positively associated with symptoms of depression (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI:1.39-2.77), poor perceived quality of life (AOR = 3.54; 95% CI: 1.90-6.58) and poor health (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.92-3.92).
conclusionIPV is substantial public health burden significantly associated with depressive symptoms, poor perceived health and the quality of life.
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