SynthesisPloS one2022
Socio-economic deprivation and cancer incidence in England: Quantifying the role of smoking.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- COVID-19's disruptions to cancer care pathways and widening of health inequalities in the UK: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Cigarette smoking across life from 1946 to 2018: Harmonisation of four British birth cohort studies.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Multiple Primary Cancer Incidence by County-Level Smoking Prevalence among U.S. Cancer Survivors.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Individual- and area-level socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence in the working-age population - a cohort study based on German statutory health insurance data, 2015 to 2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and related potential to reduce cancer between 2008 and 2019 in Germany.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Socio-economic inequalities in second primary cancer incidence: A competing risks analysis of women with breast cancer in England between 2000 and 2018.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- How can engagement with underserved communities be enhanced? A co-inquiry informed model of stop smoking outreach.Perspectives in public health · 2025Article
- Inequalities in cancer 2-week-wait referrals: a cross-sectional study in English general practice.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Latent Archetypes of the Spatial Patterns of Cancer.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Understanding the impact of distance and disadvantage on lung cancer care and outcomes: a study protocol.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Impact of single round of low dose CT lung cancer screening on cause of mortality in different socio-economic groups: a post-hoc analysis of long-term follow-up of the UKLS trial.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Individual-based socioeconomic vulnerability and deprivation indices: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Implementation of the polluter pay's principle in tobacco control in the UK: a stakeholder analysis.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Cohort Study.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMore deprived populations typically experience higher cancer incidence rates and smoking prevalence compared to less deprived populations. We calculated the proportion of cancer cases attributable to smoking by socio-economic deprivation in England and estimated the impact smoking has on the deprivation gap for cancer incidence.
methodsData for cancer incidence (2013-2017), smoking prevalence (2003-2007) and population estimates (2013-2017) were split by sex, age-group and deprivation quintile. Relative risk estimates from meta-analyses were used to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) for 15 cancer types associated with smoking. The deprivation gap was calculated using age-specific incidence rates by deprivation quintile.
resultsSmoking-related cancer PAFs in England are 2.2 times larger in the most deprived quintile compared to the least deprived quintile (from 9.7% to 21.1%). If everyone had the same smoking prevalence as the least deprived quintile, 20% of the deprivation gap in cancer incidence could have been prevented. If nobody smoked, 61% of the deprivation gap could have been prevented.
conclusionsThe majority of the deprivation gap in cancer incidence could have been prevented in England between 2013-2017 if nobody had smoked. Policy makers should ensure that tobacco control policies reduce overall smoking prevalence by tackling smoking inequalities.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.