ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2023
Extending the EQ-5D: the case for a complementary set of 4 psycho-social dimensions.
Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychometric validation of a cognition and social participation bolt-on for the EQ-5D-5L in SARS-CoV-2 infected German healthcare workers.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Measuring outcomes for loneliness research: examining the appropriateness of the EQ-5D-5 L and EQ-HWB.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Moving beyond global scores: the added value of clinical dimensions for assessing HRQoL in mental disorders.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Measuring and Valuing Health Using EuroQol Instruments: New Developments 2025 and Beyond.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Review
- Measuring inequality in quality of life: Why the EQ-5D may underestimate it.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The impact of loneliness on healthcare costs and service utilisation and the cost-effectiveness of loneliness interventions: systematic review.BJPsych open · 2025Review
- A Qualitative Examination of the Content Validity of the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-Y-3L in Adult and Paediatric Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Psychometric benefits of adding bolt-ons to the EQ-5D-5L in populations undergoing minimally invasive cosmetic procedures.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
- Using Artificial Intelligence to assess the impact of social, physical, and financial health and personality on subjective well-being in a representative, multinational sample of older European and Israeli adults.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- A framework for extending the health-related quality adjusted life year by combining instruments.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- The Health-Related Quality of Life Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with Multiple Sclerosis and the General Population: A Comparative Study Utilizing the EQ-5D-5L with Psychosocial Bolt-Ons.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Using artificial intelligence to identify the top 50 independent predictors of subjective well-being in a multinational sample of 37,991 older European & Israeli adults.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Abstract
objectivesThe EQ-5D is the most widely applied preference-based health-related quality of life measure. However, concerns have been raised that the existing dimensional structure lacks sufficient components of mental and social aspects of health. This study empirically explored the performance of a coherent set of four psycho-social bolt-ons: Vitality; Sleep; Personal relationships; and Social isolation.
methodsCross-sectional surveys were conducted with online panel members from five countries (Australia, Canada, Norway, UK, US) (total N = 4786). Four bolt-ons were described using terms aligned with EQ nomenclature. Latent structures among all nine dimensions are studied using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The Shorrocks-Shapely decomposition analyses are conducted to illustrate the relative importance of the nine dimensions in explaining two outcome measures for health (EQ-VAS, satisfaction with health) and two for subjective well-being (the hedonic approach of global life satisfaction and an eudemonic item on meaningfulness). Sub-group analyses are performed on older adults (65 +) and socially disadvantaged groups.
resultsStrength of correlations among four bolt-ons ranges from 0.34 to 0.49. As for their correlations with the EQ-5D dimensions, they are generally much less correlated with four physical health dimensions than with mental health dimensions (ranged from 0.21 to 0.50). The EFA identifies two latent factors. When explaining health, Vitality is the most important. When explaining subjective well-being, Social isolation is second most important, after Anxiety/depression.
conclusionWe provide evidence that further complementing the current EQ-5D-5L health state classification system with a coherent set of four bolt-on dimensions that will fill its psycho-social gap.
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