SynthesisOrthopaedic surgery2022
IPACK (Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Posterior Knee) Block Combined with SACB (Single Adductor Canal Block) Versus SACB for Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Synthesis in Orthopaedic surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06431906 (TRANSDERMAL FENTANYL AS A FORM OF REBOUND PAIN REDUCTION IN FAST TRACK PROGRAMME IN PRIMARY KNEE ARTHROPLASTY. Prospective Observational Non-inferiority Study Versus Morphine PCA.), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TRANSDERMAL FENTANYL AS A FORM OF REBOUND PAIN REDUCTION IN FAST TRACK PROGRAMME IN PRIMARY KNEE ARTHROPLASTY. Prospective Observational Non-inferiority Study Versus Morphine PCA.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Different peripheral nerve blocks for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2024Pooled it
- No superior method for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: randomised controlled comparison of adductor canal block combined with iPACK block versus posterior capsule block.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Trial
- Effects of epidural dexmedetomidine on patient-controlled epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Trial
- Enhanced Postoperative Pain Management and Mobility Following Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: A Comparative Study of Adductor Canal Block with and without IPACK Block.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Trial
- Popliteal Plexus Block as a Potential Alternative to IPACK Block in Total-Knee Arthroplasty: Anatomical Rationale, Clinical Evidence, and Ergonomic Advantages.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Functional and Analgesic Effects of iPACK Blocks Added to Continuous Adductor Canal Blocks for ACL Reconstruction With Quadriceps Tendon Autograft: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Old Versus New: A Historical Comparison of Anaesthesia Trends for Total Knee Arthroplasty and Patient Outcomes.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- Review
- Effect of IPACK-Adductor Canal Block Combination on Adolescent Pain Management After Hamstring Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Analgesic Effect of Intermittent Multiple IPACK Block Combined with ACB in Patients with Flexion Contracture Knee Arthritis Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty.The journal of knee surgery · 2025Article
- The Role of Genicular Nerve Blocks in Enhancing Postoperative Pain Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2025Article
- An Analysis of the Use of Anesthetic Blocks versus Local Anesthesia Infiltration in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Pulsed radiofrequency of iPACK (interspace between the popliteal artery and the posterior knee capsule) for pain control following meniscus repair - A case report.Trauma case reports · 2024Article
- Comparing Different Multimodal Analgesia Protocols for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty-A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- IPACK Block Efficacy for Acute Pain Management after Total Knee Replacement: A Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Investigation of Optimal Needle Position for Radiofrequency Ablation-Based Blockade of Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and the Posterior Capsule of the Knee: A Cadaveric Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the combination of the infiltration between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK) block and single adductor canal block (SACB) versus SACB for motor-sparing knee analgesia effects after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
methodsPubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched from the inception to January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing patients receiving iPACK plus SACB with patients receiving SACB after TKA were included. The included studies were assessed by two reviewers according to the Cochrane risk of bias criteria. Meta-analysis was performed with STATA 13.0 software, the risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) were used to compare dichotomous and continuous variables. The primary outcome was ambulation pain and secondary outcomes were rest pain, opioid consumption, function ability, clinical outcomes, and complications.
resultsSeven RCTs (304 knees in iPACK + SACB group; 305 knees in SACB group) were included. The follow-up periods ranged from 2 days to 3 months. Pooled data indicated lower pain scores at ambulation (p < 0.0001) for iPACK + SACB. When comparing the pain scores of subgroups analyzed at specific periods, lower scores in subgroups within 12 h (at rest and ambulation) and after 48 h (at ambulation) were observed in the iPACK + SACB group. Analysis demonstrated greater reduction in morphine consumption (p = 0.007) in the iPACK + SACB group. The iPACK + SACB group is also superior to the SACB group regarding function ability, which included range of motion (ROM) (p = 0.001), time up to go (TUG) test (p = 0.030), and ambulation distance (p < 0.0001). No difference was found in clinical outcomes or complications.
conclusionsWith the iPACK added to SACB, pain scores, morphine consumption, functional ability were improved. Additional high-quality studies are required to further address this topic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.