ReviewAmerican journal of hematology2022
Approach to a patient with "double refractory" chronic lymphocytic leukemia: "Double, double toil and trouble" (Shakespeare).
Review in American journal of hematology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indications for haematopoietic cell transplantation and CAR-T for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: 2025 EBMT practice recommendations.Bone marrow transplantation · 2025Guideline
- Efficacy and Effectiveness Outcomes of Treatments for Double-Exposed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Patients: A Systematic Literature Review.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Management of Relapsed and/or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Proteasome inhibition overcomes resistance to targeted therapies in B-cell malignancy models and in an index patient.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Review
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 2025 Update on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.American journal of hematology · 2025Review
- Review
- Immunophenotyping with (phospho)protein profiling and fluorescent cell barcoding for single-cell signaling analysis and biomarker discovery.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Review
- Innovative Combinations, Cellular Therapies and Bispecific Antibodies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Taking the Next Step in Double Refractory Disease: Current and Future Treatment Strategies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.OncoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
- Resisting the Resistance: Navigating BTK Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).Genes · 2023Review
- Non-Covalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Cancers · 2023Review
- Management of Gastro-Intestinal Toxicity of the Pi3 Kinase Inhibitor: Optimizing Future Dosing Strategies.Cancers · 2023Review
- A tumor microenvironment model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia enables drug sensitivity testing to guide precision medicine.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Review
- The role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
As patients continue to live longer with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it has become evident that there is an unmet treatment need for patients who have progressed on multiple lines of therapy. In this article, we attempt to define the "double refractory" patient as resistant to both Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) and venetoclax for which prognosis is poor and there remains no standard of care. We further examine the mechanism of resistance to these targeted agents and discuss the current landscape for managing this patient population. Finally, we explore data supporting promising new agents, including non-covalent BTKi, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and additional classes of agents currently in development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.