ArticleBMC public health2022
US adult smokers' perceived relative risk on ENDS and its effects on their transitions between cigarettes and ENDS.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions to change vaping harm perceptions and associations between harm perceptions and vaping and smoking behaviours: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of a Modified Exposure Claim for an e-Cigarette on Claim Comprehension, Behavioral Intentions, and Risk Perceptions Among US Adult Tobacco Users and Nonusers: Randomized Experimental Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Randomized experimental test of a reduced-exposure message for an e-cigarette: comprehension and related misperceptions.Health education research · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal associations between substance use problem severity and relative harm perceptions of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes: Results from the United States Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (2013-2023).Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Harm Perception of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Versus Regular Cigarettes in Singapore: Findings from a Nationwide Study.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the Underlying Beliefs Shaping Perceptions of E-cigarette Harm Among a Convenience Sample of Adults in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Variation in Relative Risk Perceptions and Tobacco Use by Race and Socioeconomic Status Among Older Adults Who Smoke: Evidence From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Observational
- Coupons and state tobacco policy context as predictors of tobacco use among those reporting e-cigarette use in the U.S.: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study waves 5-6 (2018-2021).Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of negative side effects from vaping nicotine: Findings from the 2020 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Association Between Harm Perceptions and Tobacco Behaviors Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes: Differential Associations Across Age Groups Using the PATH Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Personalized and adaptive interventions for smoking cessation: Emerging trends and determinants of efficacy.iScience · 2024Review
- Older age is associated with greater misperception of the relative health risk of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among US adults who smoke.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Article
- Modeling the population health impact of accurate and inaccurate perceptions of harm from nicotine.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Lessons for cannabinoid regulation from electronic nicotine delivery system product regulation.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Tobacco-Free Nicotine Pouches and Their Potential Contribution to Tobacco Harm Reduction: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Examining longitudinal associations between initial perceptions and experiences with electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use and use patterns among adults who smoke and recently initiated ENDS.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Comparative risk perceptions of switching to JUUL vs. continued smoking and subsequent switching away from cigarettes: a longitudinal observational study.BMC psychology · 2023Observational
- Perceptions about levels of harmful chemicals in e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes, and associations with relative e-cigarette harm perceptions, e-cigarette use and interest.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPerceived risk reduction motivates smokers to switch to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This research examines US smokers' relative risk perceptions and their prospective association with various behavioral stages of switching to ENDS.
methodsData from the nationally representative, longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Adult survey, Waves 1 (2014) through 5 (2019), were analyzed. We assessed the association between the perceived risk of ENDS relative to cigarettes ("less harmful" vs. "equally harmful" or "more harmful") and 1) adoption of ENDS (among never-ENDS-using smokers), 2) complete switching to ENDS (i.e., stopping smoking, among ever-ENDS-using smokers), and 3) avoiding reversion to smoking (among smokers who had switched to ENDS), at the next wave.
resultsThe proportion of US smokers perceiving ENDS as less harmful than cigarettes continually decreased, reaching 17.4% in Wave 5 (2019). Current smokers with such belief were more likely to adopt ENDS (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.15-1.50) and switch completely to ENDS (aOR 2.24; 95% CI 1.89-2.65) in the subsequent wave. Among smokers who had switched within the past year, such beliefs predicted avoidance of resumption of smoking in the next wave (aOR 0.55; 95% CI 0.33-0.93).
conclusionsSmokers' beliefs about the relative risk of ENDS compared to cigarettes had a strong and consistent association with transitions between smoking and ENDS use. Addressing the growing misperception about ENDS has the potential to contribute to public health by encouraging smokers' switching to ENDS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.