ArticleSurgical endoscopy2023
Scene-dependent, feedforward eye gaze metrics can differentiate technical skill levels of trainees in laparoscopic surgery.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Suture-Action-Gaze Efficiency (SAGE) guidance framework reveals expert gaze-action coupling based on a case study of simple interrupted suturing on an artificial skin pad.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From gaze to proficiency: deep learning-driven prediction of novice performance in laparoscopic training using AOI-dependent metrics.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal characteristics of eye-hand coordination among different skill levels in laparoscopic surgery.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Transforming Surgical Training With AI Techniques for Training, Assessment, and Evaluation: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Review
- Comparison Between Scene-Independent and Scene-Dependent Eye Metrics in Assessing Psychomotor Skills.Human factors · 2025Article
- Employing Eye Trackers to Reduce Nuisance Alarms.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIn laparoscopic surgery, looking in the target areas is an indicator of proficiency. However, gaze behaviors revealing feedforward control (i.e., looking ahead) and their importance have been under-investigated in surgery. This study aims to establish the sensitivity and relative importance of different scene-dependent gaze and motion metrics for estimating trainee proficiency levels in surgical skills.
methodsMedical students performed the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery peg transfer task while recording their gaze on the monitor and tool activities inside the trainer box. Using computer vision and fixation algorithms, five scene-dependent gaze metrics and one tool speed metric were computed for 499 practice trials. Cluster analysis on the six metrics was used to group the trials into different clusters/proficiency levels, and ANOVAs were conducted to test differences between proficiency levels. A Random Forest model was trained to study metric importance at predicting proficiency levels.
resultsThree clusters were identified, corresponding to three proficiency levels. The correspondence between the clusters and proficiency levels was confirmed by differences between completion times (F
conclusionScene-dependent gaze metrics revealed skill levels of trainees more precisely than between experts and novices as suggested in the literature. Further, feedforward gaze metrics appeared to be more important than feedback ones at predicting proficiency.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.