ReviewNature human behaviour2022
Interventions to reduce partisan animosity.
Review in Nature human behaviour, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Why depolarization is hard: Evaluating attempts to decrease partisan animosity in America.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Pooled it
- A Pilot Study of Metacognitive Training in U.S. Republican Leaners: Reducing Polarization Toward LGBTIQ+ Persons.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Trial
- Partisan Animosity as Blame: A Unifying and Generative Framework for Understanding and Transforming Affective Polarization in the Political Sphere.Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc · 2026Article
- Toward an integrated and globally equitable understanding of political polarization.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Political polarization in low- and middle-income countries.Nature human behaviour · 2026Review
- Partisan Prejudice: The Role of Beliefs About the Unchanging Nature of Ideology and Partisans.Personality & social psychology bulletin · 2026Article
- Spoken disagreement is more constructive than written disagreement.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Language model estimates indicate increased outgroup animosity among a sample of politicians, journalists, and partisan users on Twitter and Reddit.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Self-serving biases shape the relationship between future thinking and remembering of elections.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- The aspiration for scalable citizen-level interventions and the missing tests of countermessaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Speech Repression and Threat Narratives in Politics: Social Goals and Cognitive Foundations.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Review
- Defusing political animosity in the United States with a cooperative online quiz game.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Computational analysis of US congressional speeches reveals a shift from evidence to intuition.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Durably reducing partisan animosity through multiple scalable treatments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Intergroup psychological interventions highlighting commonalities can increase the perceived legitimacy of critical voices.Communications psychology · 2025Article
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- Politicultural Linking: Inferences Between Political and Apolitical Traits.Public opinion quarterly · 2025Review
- Interacting as equals reduces partisan polarization in Mexico.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
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- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rising partisan animosity is associated with a reduction in support for democracy and an increase in support for political violence. Here we provide a multi-level review of interventions designed to reduce partisan animosity, which we define as negative thoughts, feelings and behaviours towards a political outgroup. We introduce the TRI framework to capture three levels of intervention-thoughts (correcting misconceptions and highlighting commonalities), relationships (building dialogue skills and fostering positive contact) and institutions (changing public discourse and transforming political structures)-and connect these levels by highlighting the importance of motivation and mobilization. Our review encompasses both interventions conducted as part of academic research projects and real-world interventions led by practitioners in non-profit organizations. We also explore the challenges of durability and scalability, examine self-fulfilling polarization and interventions that backfire, and discuss future directions for reducing partisan animosity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.