ArticleBMJ open2022
Associations of childhood maltreatment with hypertension in South African women: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse childhood experiences contribute to blood pressure changes in adulthood: a meta-analysis of over 750 000 adults.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Exposure to abuse and changes in cardiometabolic risk profiles over 3 years in young South African women.BMC public health · 2025Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectivesTo examine the associations of childhood maltreatment (CM) with hypertension, and the mediating effects of hypertension risk factors on the associations in South African women, using baseline data of the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation longitudinal study.
designCross-sectional SETTING AND
participantsSelf-reported data on CM exposure and its severity in 18-40-year-old women living in KwaZulu-Natal province were assessed. Logistic regression models, adjusted for traditional hypertension risk factors, rape exposure, HIV-infection, other traumatic exposures, depression scores and acute stress reactions (ASR) scores were used to examine the CM-hypertension associations.
resultsAmong 1797 women, 220 (12.2%) had hypertension; CM prevalence was higher in women with hypertension than without hypertension overall (70.9% vs 57.2%) and for each abuse type: sexual abuse (20.9% vs 12.4%), physical abuse (51.8% vs 41.5%), emotional abuse (40% vs 27.6%) and parental neglect (35% vs 25.7%). Exposures to 1-2 types and 3-4 types of CM were 46.4% and 24.5%, respectively, in women with hypertension, and lower in women without (42.9% and 14.3%, respectively). Exposures to any CM (adjusted OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.25), sexual abuse (1.64; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.37), emotional abuse (1.57; 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.13), physical abuse (1.43; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.92) and parental neglect (1.37; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.86) were associated with hypertension. Exposures to an increasing number of abuse types and cumulative severity of CM overall (1.13; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.21) and for each CM type were associated with increased odds of hypertension. Alcohol use, other trauma experienced, depression and ASR partially mediated these associations.
conclusionCM was associated with hypertension; the effects were greater with multiple abuse types and severe abuse, and were partially mediated by alcohol use, depression, ASR and other traumatic exposures. While CM must be prevented, effective mental health interventions to curb the uptake of unhealthy behaviours and the development of hypertension in women exposed to CM are key.
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