ArticlePloS one2022
Frailty and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between pre-stroke frailty status and stroke risk and impact on outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1,660,328 participants.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life after acute myocardial infarction and one-year clinical outcomes: A prospective cohort study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- The association between oral health and cardiovascular disease risk and the potential mediating role of depressive symptoms: evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Effects of a 6-Month Educational Program on Blood Pressure in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Frailty and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Latent Profile Analysis of Depression and Its Influencing Factors Among Frail Older Adults in China.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Beyond the Sum of Their Parts: Frailty and Cardiometabolic Disease in Predicting Mortality.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Frailty and depressive symptoms in relation to cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older adults.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Associations of modified triglyceride-glucose indices and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population: an analysis of the UK biobank database.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Impact of frailty on outcomes of elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Association of early and late onset of chronic diseases with physical frailty among older Indian adults: study based on a population survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The relationship between frailty and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of lipid accumulation products.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Associations between Life's Essential Eight cardiovascular health metrics and cardiovascular mortality risk across frailty statuses: evidence from a UK Biobank cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Developing a theory-based intervention to enhance physical activity in older adults with atrial fibrillation and frailty: a behavior change wheel approach.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Frailty and cardiovascular disease: a bidirectional relationship with clinical implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Association between functional capacity and family functionality with frailty in older adults with cardiovascular risk in southwestern ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Observational
- Prognostic Value of Hospital Frailty Risk Score and Clinical Outcomes in Critical Limb-Threatening Ischemia and End-Stage Kidney Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Frailty is independently associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.RMD open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProspective cohort studies suggest that frailty is associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, but their mechanistic and developmental relations are not fully understood. We investigated whether frailty predicted an increased risk of incident nonfatal and fatal CVD among community-dwelling older adults.
methodsA population cohort of 5015 participants aged 55 years and above free of CVD at baseline was followed for up to 10 years. Pre-frailty and frailty were defined as the presence of 1-2 and 3-5 modified Fried criteria (unintentional weight loss, weakness, slow gait speed, exhaustion, and low physical activity), incident CVD events as newly diagnosed registered cases of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and CVD-related mortality (ICD 9: 390 to 459 or ICD-10: I00 to I99). Covariate measures included traditional cardio-metabolic and vascular risk factors, medication therapies, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and blood biomarkers (haemoglobin, albumin, white blood cell counts and creatinine).
resultsPre-frailty and frailty were significantly associated with elevated HR = 1.26 (95%CI: 1.02-1.56) and HR = 1.54 (95%CI:1.00-2.35) of overall CVD, adjusted for cardio-metabolic and vascular risk factors and medication therapies, but not after adjustment for GDS depression and MMSE cognitive impairment. The HR of association between frailty status and both CVD mortality and overall mortality, however, remained significantly elevated after full adjustment for depression, cognitive and blood biomarkers.
conclusionFrailty was associated with increased risk of CVD morbidity and especially mortality, mediated in parts by traditional cardio-metabolic and vascular risk factors, and co-morbid depression and associated cognitive impairment and chronic inflammation. Given that pre-frailty and frailty are reversible by multi-domain lifestyle and health interventions, there is potential benefits in reducing cardiovascular diseases burden and mortality from interventions targeting pre-frailty and early frailty population.
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