ArticleAddiction neuroscience2022
The subjective experience of heroin effects among individuals with chronic opioid use: Revisiting reinforcement in an exploratory study.
Article in Addiction neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interrogating roles for VTA dopamine neurons in locomotion and ultrasonic vocalizations elicited by different classes of rewarding drugs.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Non-Medical Opioid Use in Ethiopia: An Exploratory Descriptive Study.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2026Article
- Integrating maintaining theories for addiction and binge-eating pathology: A review of affective and reward-based theories.Clinical psychology review · 2025Review
- Treating Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Withdrawal in the Context of Fentanyl.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- The Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction 30 Years On.Annual review of psychology · 2025Review
- The influence of drug class on reward in substance use disorders.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aims: Consistent with the opponent process theory individuals with chronic opioid use should predominantly endorse the avoidance of aversive negative emotional and/or physiological states as the motivation for continued opioid use (source of reinforcement: reductions in negative states). The primary aim of this study was to explore whether this view is supported by the subjective effects of heroin reported by individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods: Responses during in-person interviews of participants to the question "What do you like about heroin? " were categorized as positive, negative, or mixed (positive and negative) reinforcement. In addition, we examined differences between these "reinforcement groups" in sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: Participants ( Conclusions: The results of this study indicate marked heterogeneity of heroin effects experienced by individuals with OUD and their source of reinforcement, respectively. Better integration of how individuals construe their drug use is important to understand the psychological-and neurobiological-processes in the development and maintenance of OUD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.