ArticleFrontiers in neurology2022
The ratio of serum neuron-specific enolase level to admission glasgow coma scale score is associated with diffuse axonal injury in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The role of NSE/GCS ratio on the seventh day as an independent predictor of 90-day outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Diffuse Axonal Injury Article Category: Original Work.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Integrative Diagnostic and Prognostic Paradigms in Diffuse Axonal Injury: Insights from Clinical, Histopathological, Biomolecular, Radiological, and AI-Based Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dynamic changes in neuron-specific enolase level to glasgow coma scale score ratio predict long-term neurological function of diffuse axonal injury patients.BMC neurology · 2025Observational
- Implications and pathophysiology of neuroinflammation in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury: an updated review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- mTBI Biological Biomarkers as Predictors of Postconcussion Syndrome-Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Serum neurofilament light chain for predicting delayed neurological sequelae after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Performance of biomarkers NF-L, NSE, Tau and GFAP in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in rat for the detection of nervous system injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cognitive impairment in diffuse axonal injury patients with favorable outcome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently accompanied by diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Considering the low sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) examination for microbleeds and axonal damage, identification of DAI is difficult using conventional diagnostic methods in the acute phase. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been demonstrated to be increased in serum following various types of TBI and is already clinically/commercially available. We conjecture that serum NSE level to admission GCS score ratio (NGR) may be a useful indicator for the early diagnosis of DAI. Methods: This study included 115 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI who underwent NSE measurements within 6 h after injury and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 30 days. The positive and negative DAI groups were divided according to MRI findings. Results: Among the 115 patients, 49 (42.6%) were classified into the DAI group and 66 (57.4%) patients into the non-DAI group by clinical MRI. The NGR of patients without DAI was found to be significantly lower than those of patients with DAI ( Conclusions: The NGR on admission could serve as an independent predictor of DAI with moderate-to-severe TBI.
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