ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Immunomodulatory effects of regorafenib: Enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reshaping the tumor microenvironment of cold soft-tissue sarcomas with anti-angiogenics: a phase 2 trial of regorafenib combined with avelumab.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- First-line regorafenib with nivolumab and chemotherapy in advanced oesophageal, gastric, or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer in the USA: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2023Trial
- Baseline Tumor Features and Systemic Immune Dynamics Underlying Efficacy in MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: exploring immunomodulatory effects on various immune cell types in cancer.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Efficacy of regorafenib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Self-emulsifying Nano-PND oral delivery systems of PND1186: In silico modeling for bioavailability estimation.Journal of molecular liquids · 2025Article
- Regorafenib pulmonary toxicity: A case of cavitary lung disease and ARDS treated with infliximab.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- Synergistic effect of regorafenib with aminoglycosides in ferroptosis-mediated liver injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Regorafenib for patients with progression of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: a case series.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in MSS/pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Drug resistance mechanism of kinase inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Identification of a tissue resident memory CD8 T cell-related risk score signature for colorectal cancer, the association with TME landscapes and therapeutic responses.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has shown significant benefits in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, not all cancer patients can benefit from this strategy due to drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for methods that can effectively improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Combining anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with regorafenib has been demonstrated as an effective method to enhance its therapeutic effect in several clinical studies. In this review, we describe common mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, including lack of tumor immunogenicity, T cell dysfunction, and abnormal expression of PD-L1. Then, we illustrate the role of regorafenib in modifying the tumor microenvironment (TME) from multiple aspects, which is different from other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Regorafenib not only has immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells, but can also regulate PD-L1 and MHC-I on tumor cells and promote normalization of abnormal blood vessels. Therefore, studies on the synergetic mechanism of the combination therapy may usher in a new era for cancer treatment and help us identify the most appropriate individuals for more precise treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.