ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Effects of sex steroids on thymic epithelium and thymocyte development.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives on Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation, Chemotaxis, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Stress.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- Sex and ovarian hormone status shape baseline cardiovascular physiology in Sprague Dawley rats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Article
- Association between sex hormones and innate cytotoxic capacity of circulating and rectal mucosal immune cells.Clinical immunology communications · 2026Article
- Peripheral CD8⁺ T cell subsets and physical frailty in community-dwelling older Thai adults: the role of age and multimorbidity.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Morphometric analysis of the thymic epithelial cell network using integrated and orthogonal digital pathology approaches.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mechanical Insights into the Distinct Effects of Ovariectomy Versus Adrenalectomy on Age-Related Thymic Atrophy in Female Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mechanism and intervention strategy of thymus atrophy in cancer immunotherapy.American journal of cancer research · 2026Review
- Multiscale physiologically-based model of age-dependent CD4+ T-lymphocyte homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Network-orchestrated regulation of thymic dysfunction and restoration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pubertal stage specific changes in T-cell subpopulations in healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex as a modifier of genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Beyond cysts - organization of epithelial networks in the murine thymus.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Lymph node contraction links sex-biased naive CD8 T cell decline to compromised antigen recognition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Cytoskeleton proteins, the structural basis of T-lymphocyte and TEC restructure during rapid thymus regeneration.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Main Immune Organs in Sheep During Early Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Repeated Gonadotropin Administration Suppresses T Cell Development in the Mouse Thymus.Development & reproduction · 2025Article
- An in-depth understanding of the role and mechanisms of T cells in immune organ aging and age-related diseases.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Thymic hyperplasia in myasthenia gravis: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones have major effects on the thymus. Age-related increases in androgens and estrogens and pregnancy-induced increases in progestins all cause dramatic thymic atrophy. Atrophy can also be induced by treatment with exogenous sex steroids and reversed by ablation of endogenous sex steroids. Although these observations are frequently touted as evidence of steroid lymphotoxicity, they are often driven by steroid signaling in thymic epithelial cells (TEC), which are highly steroid responsive. Here, we outline the effects of sex steroids on the thymus and T cell development. We focus on studies that have examined steroid signaling
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.