ArticleTobacco induced diseases2022
Fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, and preterm birth: Effects of active or passive smoking evaluated by maternal expired CO at delivery, impacts of cessation at different trimesters.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and newborn telomere length (TL): a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Methods and Practice for Integrating Maternal, Fetal, and Child Health Outcomes, and Family Spillover Effects into Cost-Utility Analyses.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Pooled it
- Bridging the Gaps: A Critical Review of National Dietary and Lifestyle Guidelines for Pregnant Women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Review
- Placenta models for HIV-1-ART-nicotine comorbidity research: advances and remaining challenges.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Joint Associations of Maternal Smoking and Pre-Pregnancy BMI with Term Low Birthweight and Small-for-Gestational-Age Births: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2024 United States Birth Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Adequacy of antenatal care and maternal smoking: impacts on gestational age and birth weight among preterm births in a high-risk referral cohort in Western Iran.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The relationship between low birth weight and neurological disorders: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Carbon monoxide levels, smoking and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Preeclampsia in Bogotá, Colombia: Differential Risk Factor Identification and Evaluation Using Traditional Statistics and Machine Learning.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Reproductive Health and Assisted Conception in Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The effect of air pollution exposure on foetal growth restriction in pregnant women who conceived by in vitro fertilisation a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intrauterine growth restriction and its associated factors in Tehran, comparing 3 common standards.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of the prediction of fetal growth restriction using the ratio of fetal cerebellar transverse diameter to abdominal circumference combined with uterine artery blood flow parameters.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Influence of gestational window on offspring vascular health in rodents with in utero exposure to electronic cigarettes.The Journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Aging, oxidative stress and degenerative diseases: mechanisms, complications and emerging therapeutic strategies.Biogerontology · 2023Review
- Inequalities in smoking among pregnant women in North West London.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Development and Testing of the Comprehensive Prenatal Care Index: Relationship With Preterm Birth and Small for Gestational Age Across Racial and Ethnic Groups.Journal of midwifery & women's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of cessation of active smoking during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy on the risk of reduced birth weight and prematurity using an exhaled carbon monoxide biomarker with a cut-off value ≥3 ppm as well as the effects of passive smoking.
methodsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study involving pregnant smokers and non-smokers. Pregnant smokers were identified at the first prenatal visit before 15 weeks of amenorrhea by the number of cigarettes smoked per day and by the carbon monoxide breath test. Women were classified into 6 groups: non-smokers, passive smokers, first trimester cessation, second trimester cessation, third trimester cessation, and smoking throughout pregnancy. Smoking cessation was defined if the pregnant woman reported quitting smoking and if she achieved an exhaled CO level of <3 ppm. The association between smoking cessation and fetal growth restriction or prematurity was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Passive smoking was defined for non-smoking women on declarative smoking status and exhaled CO ≥3 ppm. The association between passive smoking and fetal growth restriction or prematurity was assessed by multivariate logistic regression.
resultsThe number of patients included was 5244. The incidence of fetal growth restriction below the 10th percentile was 10.6%, 12.1%, 8.5%, 9.1%, 21.1%, and 22.9%, respectively, for the non-smoking, passive smoking, first, second, third trimester cessation, and full-pregnancy smoking, groups. The risk of FGR compared to non-smokers was OR=2.3 (95% CI: 1.18-4.30, p=0.014) for patients who quit smoking in the third trimester, OR=2.5 (95% CI: 2.03-3.12, p<0.001) for women who smoked throughout pregnancy. After logistic regression, FGR (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 0.96-3.82) for women who quit smoking in the 3rd trimester (AOR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.38-2.31, p<0.001). The risk of FGR <5th percentile was AOR=1.96 (95% CI: 1.36-2.48, p<0.001).
conclusionsActive or passive smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. Cessation in the 1st and 2nd trimester reduces the risk of intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight. Passive smoking has a deleterious impact on fetal development, intermediate to that of active smoking.
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