ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2022
Concomitant necrotizing encephalitis and granulomatous meningoencephalitis in four toy breed dogs.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical presentation, prognostic factors, and outcomes of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in older dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- NMR metabolomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin demonstrates metabolic similarities to multiple sclerosis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Combination of azathioprine and prednisolone as a treatment for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in dogs: 54 cases.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Bilaterally Symmetrical Lesions in a Dog With Concomitant Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis and Necrotizing Encephalitis.Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association · 2026Article
- Modulation of TH17 cell activity by REV-ERB agonists: path toward novel treatments for canine meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.npj veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Breed-Specific Clinical Features, Diagnostic Findings, and Outcome of Presumptive Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Origin in 27 French Bulldogs.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs under veterinary referral care in England (2017-2021): a multicenter case control study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Of potential new treatment targets and polythetic approach in meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Canine idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome, immune-mediated?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging prognostic factors for survival and relapse in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Masticatory muscle changes on magnetic resonance imaging of dogs withFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Off-Label Use of Crisdesalazine (GedaCure) in Meningoencephalitis in Two Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- New insights into the treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin since 2009: A review of 671 cases.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- A shortened whole brain radiation therapy protocol for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Evolution of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in Dogs Treated for Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Origin Between Initial Diagnosis and Relapse.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Corticosteroid monotherapy versus combined cytarabine continuous rate infusion and corticosteroid therapy in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: A blinded, randomized, controlled trial.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Exploring brain perfusion in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: A promising role for arterial spin labeling imaging.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The term "meningoencephalitis of unknown origin" (MUO) describes a group of different encephalitides in dogs in which no infectious agent can be identified and a multifactorial etiology is suspected. Among others, genetic factors and unknown triggers seem to be involved. Included are necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE), necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), and granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME). In this case series, we describe the histopathological findings of four toy breed dogs with focal or multifocal necrotizing encephalitis and mainly lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates on histopathological examination. At the same time, however, in all dogs, focal or multifocal high-grade angiocentric granulomatous inflammatory lesions were evident with focal histiocytic perivascular infiltrates in the brain. The former changes are typical for NLE and NME. In contrast, the latter changes are indicative of GME. This case series shows that the boundaries between the necrotizing and granulomatous variants of MUO might be smooth and suggests that NLE, NME, and GME are not as distinct as previously described. This finding could be a crucial piece of the puzzle in the study of the pathogenesis of MUO as individual susceptibility and specific triggers could be responsible for the manifestation of the different MUO subtypes.
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