Observational studyBrain, behavior, and immunity2023
Depressive symptoms predict antibody titers after a second dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine among hospital workers in Japan.
Observational study in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between psychological stress and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-antibody response following natural infection: longitudinal findings from the Aegis study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Psychological Distress, Resilience, and Immunoinflammatory Signatures in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Dynamic immune dysregulation in severe mental illness: Exaggerated innate and attenuated adaptive immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Dissociable impacts of physical and psychological factors on side effects after COVID-19 vaccination in Japan: A within-subject repeated measures design.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Effect of Distress, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine Efficacy in Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2024Article
- Changes in depressive symptoms and antibody production following influenza vaccination in adolescents and adults.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Delayed Antibody Response in the Acute Phase of Infection Is Associated with a Lower Mental Component of Quality of Life in Survivors of Severe and Critical COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Case report: Development of anxiety symptoms after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccine: a case series.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The interplay between previous infection and mental health condition on antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- The Incidence and Effect of Adverse Events Due to COVID-19 Vaccines on Breakthrough Infections: Decentralized Observational Study With Underrepresented Groups.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough factors associated with the antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine have been reported, psychological factors have not been examined. Depression or anxiety may affect vaccine reactions because these factors influence immune responses. This study aimed to determine whether psychological status at the time of vaccination predicts antibody responses.
methodsA prospective observational study of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine response was carried out among individuals attending for an annual health check-up. Participants included 78 volunteers out of 80 hospital workers in Nagoya, Japan. No participants had been infected with COVID-19 and all gave written informed consent to participate in the study. Blood samples were obtained approximately 28 days after the second dose of the vaccine, and antibody titers of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were determined using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Participants completed the Japanese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire, one day before both vaccinations. Participants also recorded any adverse reactions, such as body temperature and other side effects, every day for two weeks after each dose. The relationships between antibody titers and the predictive factors were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, with the antibody titers as the dependent variables, followed by univariate analysis.
resultsMultiple linear regression analysis revealed that no or excessive alcohol intake (p = 0.039), poor results from a health check-up (p = 0.011), a longer duration between the second dose and blood collection (p = 0.039), and increased degree of depressive symptoms (p = 0.041) were significant negative predictors of antibody titers, while body temperature one day after the second dose as a significant positive predictor of antibody titers (p < 0.0005).
conclusionWe identified that depressive symptoms just before the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 were an independent negative predictor of antibody responses, in addition to other factors. Our results highlight the importance of mental health at the time of vaccination to achieve the higher antibody responses necessary to acquire humoral immunity.
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