ArticleVaccine2022
mRNA-1273 but not BNT162b2 induces antibodies against polyethylene glycol (PEG) contained in mRNA-based vaccine formulations.
Article in Vaccine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global incidence pattern and factors associated with common cutaneous reactions related to COVID-19 vaccination of 2.55 million participants in real-world settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines: current status, challenges and future prospects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Anti-PEG Antibodies From mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Affect In Vitro Measurements of Pegylated Drug Levels.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Anti-PEG Immunogenicity of mRNA-LNP Vaccines in Humans: Evidence for Population-Level Changes in the Anti-PEG Antibody Repertoire.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Polypeptide-engineered lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery with limited immunogenicity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in pregnant women and newborns.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Observational
- Deciphering the biological fate of mRNA-LNP-based biologics: A perspective from tissue to intracellular distribution.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Poly(sarcosine) Lipid Synthesis From COMacromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- PEGylation technology: addressing concerns, moving forward.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of adenovirus, mRNA, and protein vaccines reveals context-dependent immunogenicity and efficacy.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Detection of PEG-specific antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative sera with implications for autoimmune reactivity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Synthesis of α,ε-International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Modulating Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity in mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccines through Lipid Component Optimization.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Enhancing nucleic acid delivery by the integration of artificial intelligence into lipid nanoparticle formulation.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Review
- Regulating Immune Responses Induced by PEGylated Messenger RNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Beyond Needles: Immunomodulatory Hydrogel-Guided Vaccine Delivery Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Effect of Anti-PEG Antibody on Immune Response of mRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Two messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines are widely used globally to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Both vaccine formulations contain PEGylated lipids in their composition, in the form of polyethylene glycol [PEG] 2000 dimyristoyl glycerol for mRNA-1273, and 2 [(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide for BNT162b2. It is known that some PEGylated drugs and products for human use which contain PEG are capable of eliciting immune responses that lead to to detectable PEG-specific antibodies in serum. In this study, we determined if any of the components of mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 formulations elicited PEG-specific antibody responses in serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We detected an increase in the reactivity to mRNA vaccine formulations in mRNA-1273 but not BNT162b2 vaccinees' sera in a prime-boost dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed the same pattern of reactivity against irrelevant lipid nanoparticles from an influenza virus mRNA formulation and found that the reactivity of such antibodies correlated well with antibody levels against high and low molecular weight PEG. Using sera from participants selected based on the vaccine-associated side effects experienced after vaccination, including delayed onset, injection site or severe allergic reactions, we found no obvious association between PEG antibodies and adverse reactions. Overall, our data shows a differential induction of anti-PEG antibodies by mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2. The clinical relevance of PEG reactive antibodies induced by administration of the mRNA-1273 vaccine, and the potential interaction of these antibodies with other PEGylated drugs remains to be explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.