ArticlePreventive medicine2022
Neighborhood segregation, tree cover and firearm violence in 6 U.S. cities, 2015-2020.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Poverty-modulated tree equity shapes health burdens across U.S. cities.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2026Article
- How Gun Violence Exposure Influences Racial Health Disparities among Adults in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Assessing Upstream Structural and Social Drivers of Health in Breast Cancer Survivorship: The Pathways Study Neighborhood Resource.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Goal completion among participants of a region-wide hospital-based violence intervention program: an observational cohort study.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2026Article
- Area socioeconomic inequality and suicide mortality: contrasting common measures using National Violent Death Reporting System and linked administrative data.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Vehicle traffic as a determinant of community firearm violence.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Association between spatial social polarisation and high blood pressure in older adults.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal community firearm violence in New York City, 2019-2023.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examining associations between street vegetation and child firearm violence at microgeographic locations in 3 US cities: a case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Environmental racism: associations between poverty, pollution, and pediatric gun violence.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Racialized economic segregation, the built environment, and assault-related injury: Moderating role of green space and vacant housing.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Racialized economic segregation and youth firearm carriage: community violence as a mediator.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Redlining, reinvestment, and racial segregation: a bayesian spatial analysis of mortgage lending trajectories and firearm-related violence.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Extreme Heat and Firearm Violence in New York City Public Housing: The Mitigating Role of Air Conditioning.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Measuring Spatial Social Polarization in Public Health Research: A Scoping Review of Methods and Applications.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Firearm possession among emergency department youth and young adults: A latent class analysis.Preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring Firearm Access, Carriage, and Possession among Justice-Involved Youth.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Article
- Residential Racial Segregation and Youth Firearm Aggression: Neighborhood disadvantage and exposure to violence as mediators.Youth & society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neighborhood segregation by race and income is a structural determinant of firearm violence. Addressing green space deficits in segregated neighborhoods is a promising prevention strategy. This study assessed the potential for reducing firearm violence disparities by increasing access to tree cover. Units of analysis were census tracts in six U.S. cities (Baltimore, MD; Philadelphia, PA; Richmond, VA; Syracuse, NY; Washington, DC; Wilmington, DE). We measured segregation using the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE) for race-income. We calculated proportion tree cover based on 2013-2014 imagery. Outcomes were 2015-2020 fatal and non-fatal shootings from the Gun Violence Archive. We modeled firearm violence as a function of ICE, tree cover, and covariates representing the social and built environment. Next, we simulated possible effects of "tree equity" programs, i.e., raising tract-level tree cover to a specified baseline level. In our fully-adjusted model, higher privilege on the ICE measure (1 standard deviation, SD) was associated with a 42% reduction in shootings (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.58, 95% CI [0.54 0.62], p < 0.001). A 1-SD increase in tree cover was associated with a 9% reduction (IRR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.86, 0.97], p < 0.01). Simulated achievement of 40% baseline tree cover was associated with reductions in firearm violence, with the largest reductions in highly-deprived neighborhoods. Advancing tree equity would not disrupt the fundamental causes of racial disparities in firearm violence exposure, but may have the potential to help mitigate those disparities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.