ArticleRMD open2022
Serum cholesterol loading capacity on macrophages is linked to coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular event risk in rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in RMD open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observational
- Sex and reproductive stage modify the effect of endogenous oestrogens on coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.RMD open · 2025Observational
- Myocardial infarction in rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- ToF-SIMS Imaging for the Analysis of Cholesterol Formation at Macrophage Membrane.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Follicular Helper T Cells: Potential Interventional Targets in Atherosclerosis.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- Changes in serum cholesterol loading capacity are linked to coronary atherosclerosis progression in rheumatoid arthritis.RMD open · 2024Observational
- Biological use influences the impact of inflammation on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis.RMD open · 2024Observational
- Inflammation and immunomodulatory therapies influence the relationship between ATP-binding cassette A1 membrane transporter-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2023Article
- Statins influence the relationship between ATP-binding cassette A1 membrane transporter-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCholesterol loading capacity (CLC) describes the ability of serum to deliver cholesterol to cells. It is linked to foam cell formation, a pivotal step in atherosclerotic plaque development. We evaluate the associations of CLC with coronary atherosclerosis presence, burden and cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
methodsCoronary atherosclerosis (any, high-risk low-attenuation plaque and obstructive plaque) was evaluated with CT angiography in 141 patients. Participants were prospectively followed for 6.0±2.4 years and cardiovascular events including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, claudication, revascularisation and hospitalised heart failure were recorded. CLC was quantified as intracellular cholesterol in human macrophages after incubation with patient serum.
resultsCLC was not linked to overall plaque presence or burden after adjustments for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score, statin use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, CLC associated with presence and numbers of any, low-attenuation and obstructive plaques exclusively in biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) non-users (p for interaction ≤0.018). CLC associated with cardiovascular event risk overall after adjustments for ASCVD and number of segments with plaque (HR=1.76 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.67) per 1 SD increase in CLC, p=0.008). Additionally, bDMARD use modified the impact of CLC on event risk; CLC associated with events in bDMARD non-users (HR=2.52 (95% CI 1.36 to 4.65) per 1SD increase in CLC, p=0.003) but not users.
conclusionCLC was linked to long-term cardiovascular event risk in RA and associated with high-risk low attenuation and obstructive coronary plaque presence and burden in bDMARD non-users. Its prospective validation as a predictive biomarker may be, therefore, warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.