ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2024
Electrooxidation of Phenol on Polyelectrolyte Modified Carbon Electrodes for Use in Insulin Pump Infusion Sets.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundMany type 1 diabetes patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) suffer from the phenomenon of unexplained hypoglycemia or "site loss." Site loss is hypothesized to be caused by toxic excipients, for example, phenolic compounds within insulin formulations that are used as preservatives and stabilizers. Here, we develop a bioinspired polyelectrolyte-modified carbon electrode for effective electrooxidative removal of phenol from insulin and eventual incorporations into an infusion set of a CSII device.
methodsWe modified a carbon screen printed electrode (SPE) with poly-L-lysine (PLL) to avoid passivation due to polyphenol deposition while still removing phenolic compounds from insulin injections. We characterized these electrodes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared their data with data from bare SPEs. Furthermore, we performed electrochemical measurements to determine the extent of passivation, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements to confirm both the removal of phenol and the integrity of insulin after phenol removal.
resultsVoltammetry measurements show that electrode passivation due to polyphenol deposition is reduced by a factor of 2X. HPLC measurements confirm a 10x greater removal of phenol by our modified electrodes relative to bare electrodes.
conclusionUsing bioinspired polyelectrolytes to modify a carbon electrode surface aids in the electrooxidation of phenolic compounds from insulin and is a step toward integration within an infusion set for mitigating site loss.
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