SynthesisEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2022
A systematic review: Cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes.
Synthesis in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Literacy and Numeracy in Self-monitoring of Capillary Glycemia: A Systematic Review of Mixed Methods.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of barriers and opportunities for care improvement.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the Cost-Utility of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of the Methods and Quality of Studies Using Decision Models or Empirical Data.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review: Cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- A Digital Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program Integrated With Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- DELTA: Strengthening human biological resilience with an N=1 digital health and dynamic biomarker protocol.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Insulin Resistance as a Systemic Metabolic Risk State for Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Continuous glucose monitoring as a tool in early-stage type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled Trial: Improving Glucose Time-in-Range in Diabetes in African Youth (DAYTime).Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- Review
- Systematic Review of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Its Effect on Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Care in Indonesia: A Review of Current Challenges and PracticeJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2025Review
- Use of continuous glucose monitoring systems in pediatric patients in the perioperative environment: Challenges and machine learning opportunities.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- Economic analyses of freestyle libre systems for people living with diabetes: a systematic literature review.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Review
- A ZIF-8-Based High-Performance Glucose Electrochemical Detection Platform Constructed Using a Multi-Layer Interface Optimization Strategy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of interventions for screening, treatment, and management of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy: A systematic review.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Article
- Association of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and real-time continuous glucose monitoring with the occurrence and frequency of severe hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a real-world panel data analysis from the PR-IAH study.Diabetology international · 2025Article
- Continuous glucose monitoring system in diabetes in pregnancy: a narrative review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is rapidly becoming a vital tool in the management of type 1 diabetes. Its use has been shown to improve glycaemic management and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemic events. The cost of CGM remains a barrier to its widespread application. We aimed to identify and synthesize evidence about the cost-effectiveness of utilizing CGM in patients with type 1 diabetes. Studies were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library from January 2010 to February 2022. Those that assessed the cost-effectiveness of CGM compared to self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 1 diabetes and reported lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were included. Studies on critically ill or pregnant patients were excluded. Nineteen studies were identified. Most studies compared continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and SMBG to a sensor-augmented pump (SAP). The estimated ICER range was [$18,734-$99,941] and the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain range was [0.76-2.99]. Use in patients with suboptimal management or greater hypoglycaemic risk revealed more homogenous results and lower ICERs. Limited studies assessed CGM in the context of multiple daily injections (MDI) (n = 4), MDI and SMBG versus SAP (n = 2) and three studies included hybrid closed-loop systems. Most studies (n = 17) concluded that CGM is a cost-effective tool. This systematic review suggests that CGM appears to be a cost-effective tool for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Cost-effectiveness is driven by reducing short- and long-term complications. Use in patients with suboptimal management or at risk of severe hypoglycaemia is most cost-effective.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.