ArticleJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH2022
The Khorana score and venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A Danish cohort study.
Article in Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Enhancing venous thromboembolism risk prediction after immunotherapy for lung cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- External validation of established clinical risk scores for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in a Brazilian registry.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
- Venous thromboembolism risk in sarcoma patients receiving combined immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF pathway inhibitors: a real-world cohort study.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Vascular Toxicities of Cancer Therapies: 2025 Update.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Arterial and venous thromboembolic events in patients with cancer treated with targeted therapies: a population-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Venous Thromboembolic Events in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and venous thromboembolism in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing surgery.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy-associated hemostatic abnormalities: bleeding and thrombotic complications.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Emerging Association Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Thrombosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated risk for venous thromboembolism: a comprehensive analysis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Validating Khorana Risk Score in gastric cancer patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway in myocardial infarction: a review from pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Associated Thrombosis: Incidence, Risk Factors and Management.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Venous thromboembolism incidence and risk factors associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- The Khorana score and venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A Danish cohort study.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2022Article
- Construction and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict the Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Patients with HGSOC.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisArticle
- Incidence and Timing of Venous Thromboembolism After Implantable Port Placement in Cancer Patients: A Single-Centre Cohort Study.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThrombosis is common among patients with cancer. Primary thromboprophylaxis guided by the Khorana score is endorsed by guidelines but recommendations rely mainly on data from patients treated with chemotherapy.
objectivesTo explore if the Khorana score could risk stratify patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors according to risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. PATIENTS/
methodsThe study population and Khorana score were defined using administrative Danish health registries. The primary outcome was 6-month risk of venous thromboembolism after initiation of checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Secondary outcomes were arterial thrombosis and any thromboembolic event. Death was considered a competing risk event.
resultsAmong 3946 patients with cancer initiating checkpoint inhibitor treatment without other indications for anticoagulation, the overall 6-month incidence of venous thromboembolism was 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-3.1). Risks were 2.1% (95% CI: 1.5-3.0), 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0-3.4), and 3.7% (95% CI: 2.1-5.9) in low (score 0), intermediate (score 1-2), and high risk (score ≥3) Khorana categories, respectively. Among patients eligible for primary thromboprophylaxis according to guidelines (Khorana score ≥2), risk of venous thromboembolism was 4.1% (95% CI: 3.1-5.4). Higher Khorana risk category was also associated with higher 6-month risk of both arterial thrombosis and any thromboembolic events.
conclusionsThe Khorana score was able to risk stratify patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors according to 6-month risk of thromboembolic events. Risks of venous thromboembolism were lower than in randomized thromboprophylaxis trials, thus questioning the absolute benefit of routine primary thromboprophylaxis in an unselected population of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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