ArticleeLife2022
Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover
Article in eLife, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Priorities and opportunities for strengthening hygiene and One Health alignment in research, policy and practice.BMC global and public health · 2026Review
- Social marginalisation, environmental degradation and Toxoplasma gondii exposure in urban informal settlements in Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Subclinical Leptospiral Infections and Antibody Waning During Pregnancy: A Population-Based Cohort Study from Rural Sri Lanka.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Prevalence of zoonotic nematodeParasitology · 2026Article
- Co-production of informal settlement health: a community based participatory research program for building healthy communities in urban informal settlements of Salvador, Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- [Floods in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2024 and their effects on the epidemiology of leptospirosis].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Topography and environmental deficiencies are associated with chikungunya virus exposure in urban informal settlements in Salvador, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Gender differences in Leptospira exposure risk, perceptions of disease severity, and high-risk behaviours in Salvador, Brazil: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Gender differences in the perception of leptospirosis severity, behaviours, andmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of theFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs is responsible for a significant global public health burden, but the processes that promote spillover events are poorly understood in complex urban settings. Endemic transmission of Methods: We conducted an eco-epidemiological study in a high-risk community in Salvador, Brazil, by prospectively following a cohort of 1401 residents to ascertain serological evidence for leptospiral infections. A concurrent rat ecology study was used to collect information on the fine-scale spatial distribution of 'rattiness', our proxy for rat abundance and exposure of interest. We developed and applied a novel geostatistical framework for joint spatial modelling of multiple indices of disease reservoir abundance and human infection risk. Results: The estimated infection rate was 51.4 (95%CI 40.4, 64.2) infections per 1000 follow-up events. Infection risk increased with age until 30 years of age and was associated with male gender. Rattiness was positively associated with infection risk for residents across the entire study area, but this effect was stronger in higher elevation areas (OR 3.27 95% CI 1.68, 19.07) than in lower elevation areas (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.05, 1.53). Conclusions: These findings suggest that, while frequent flooding events may disperse bacteria in regions of low elevation, environmental risk in higher elevation areas is more localised and directly driven by the distribution of local rat populations. The modelling framework developed may have broad applications in delineating complex animal-environment-human interactions during zoonotic spillover and identifying opportunities for public health intervention. Funding: This work was supported by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, the National Institutes of Health of the United States (grant numbers F31 AI114245, R01 AI052473, U01 AI088752, R01 TW009504 and R25 TW009338); the Wellcome Trust (102330/Z/13/Z), and by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB/JCB0020/2016). MTE was supported by a Medical Research UK doctorate studentship. FBS participated in this study under a FAPESB doctorate scholarship.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.