ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: How far have we traveled?
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of rTMS for global symptom severity, negative symptoms, and auditory hallucinations in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Cariprazine and clozapine: a systematic review of a promising antipsychotic combination for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Knowledge domain and trends in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) research based on CiteSpace bibliometrics analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Real-time fMRI neurofeedback modulates auditory cortex activity and connectivity in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations: A controlled study.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2025Trial
- Beyond Clozapine Failure: Precision Approach and Palliative Psychiatry in Ultra-Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Altered cortical gyrification as a marker of treatment resistance in patients with first-episode psychosis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Polymorphisms of theJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Ferroptosis in schizophrenia: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Assessing the quality of life of schizophrenia patients and their family caregivers in a Romanian sample: the role of clinical, sociocultural, and demographic factors.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2025Article
- Clinical effects of CYP2D6 phenoconversion in patients with psychosis.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Review
- The Relationship between Sense of Presence, Emotional Response, and Clinical Outcomes in Virtual Reality-Based Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Correlational Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Neurostructural changes in schizophrenia and treatment-resistance: a narrative review.Psychoradiology · 2024Review
- Exploration of the role of emotional expression of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients having followed virtual reality therapy: a content analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Epigenetic Targets in Schizophrenia Development and Therapy.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Schizophrenia Animal Modeling with Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Homologs: Their Connections to the Inflammatory Pathway and the Dopamine System.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- MiRNA Differences Related to Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia is a lack of adequate response to antipsychotic medications resulting in incomplete functional and social recovery from the illness. Different definitions have been proposed for clinical practice and research work. Antipsychotics that are used in the management of schizophrenia mainly act on multiple dopaminergic pathways which are implicated in the development of symptoms of schizophrenia. Newer antipsychotics also are implicated to affect the serotonergic pathways. Clozapine is the only evidence-based treatment available for the management of treatment-resistant cases. Neurobiologically, there is a considerable overlap between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive cases. The factors that are implicated in the evolution of treatment resistance are still not conclusive. These make the management of such patients a challenge. However, certain peculiarities of treatment-resistant schizophrenia have been identified which can guide us in the early identification and precise treatment of the treatment-resistant cases.
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Registered trials
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