ReviewCureus2022
Renal Function in Hypertensive Patients Receiving Cilnidipine and L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled and Retrospective Studies.
Review in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and Safety of Telmisartan Plus Amlodipine Compared to Telmisartan Plus Cilnidipine in Indian Patients with Hypertension and Renal Impairment: A Randomized, Open Label, Post Marketing Study (START Renal).International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Trial
- Consensus on the management of hypertension in individuals with diabetes by Asian-Pacific Society of hypertension (APSH) & Diabetes Asia Study Group (DASG).Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Antihypertensive effect of sinapine extracted from rapeseed meal in 2K1C hypertensive rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identifying Drug Prescription in Newly Diagnosed Hypertension Patients in India.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Observational
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nearly 65%-95% of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have hypertension. Calcium-channel blockers are the first-line drugs for the treatment of hypertension, including hypertension with diabetes. This study aims to estimate the effect of an L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB), cilnidipine, on the renal function of hypertensive patients. Randomized control trials were selected from PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Science Direct, Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO), Springer, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Medline, VIP, and Wanfang databases (from the date of databases' establishment till January 2022). Data were independently evaluated following the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The changes in serum creatinine (SCr), urinary protein excretion (UPE), urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after treatment, in percentages, were extracted for the meta-analysis. The mean difference (MD) and a CI of 95% were determined using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 11 studies were analyzed. The standardized mean difference (SMD) between cilnidipine and L-type CCBs was -0.022, suggesting a reduced SCr with cilnidipine. For UPCR, the SMD value is 1.28. Although cilnidipine reduced UPCR in all four studies, the L-type CCBs reported a slight increase in UPCR. For eGFR, the SMD value was found to be 0.693. Cilnidipine had a more favorable effect on eGFR when compared to the L-type CCBs. While cilnidipine had similar effects on SCr to that of L-type CCBs, cilnidipine showed greater improvement in UPCR, UPE, and eGFR values.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.