ArticleBMC medicine2022
SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia.
Article in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circadian Variation in the Response to Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Evidence Appraisal.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Pooled it
- Protective Effectiveness of Sars-Cov-2 Infection Risk Among Hybrid, Vaccine, and Infection-induced Immunity Against the Omicron Variant, K-Serosmart.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Population waning trajectories of vaccine-induced tetanus immunity in Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Automated model discovery based on COVID-19 epidemiological data from Thuringia, Germany.PloS one · 2026Article
- Primary SARS-CoV-2 exposure by vaccination or infection shapes immune responses to omicron variants among a Spanish cohort.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Distinct features of humoral and cellular immunity against Omicron breakthrough infection among chronic liver disease patients: An experience from a follow-up cohort.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- 3D-Printed Oral Disintegrating Films of Brain-Targeted Acetyl Salicylic Acid Nanoparticles for Enhanced CNS Delivery in Ischemic Stroke.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk, determinants, and persistence of long-COVID in a population-based cohort study in Catalonia.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Genetic differences in the HLA region contribute to the variability in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness of older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody and neutralization dynamics among persons with natural- and vaccine-induced exposures.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Second Round of a Population-Based Seroprevalence Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and COVID-19 Vaccination Assessment in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody durability in Puerto Rico.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Health characteristics associated with persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses after repeated vaccinations in older persons over time: the Doetinchem cohort study.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Article
- Robust immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in the island population of Greenland.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Detection and comparison of SARS-CoV-2 antibody produced in naturally infected patients and vaccinated individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: multicenter cross-sectional study.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Anti-spike antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Comparison of Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) Antibody Response by Different Vaccine Combinations.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHeterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses.
methodsWe measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available.
resultsAntibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases.
conclusionsOur data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient responses to vaccination.
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