ArticleEnvironmental research2022
Childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment in the CHARGE case-control study.
Article in Environmental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric effects of forever chemicals may last for a long time.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure with cognitive function in firefighters.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl sulfonic and carboxylic acids and neurodevelopmental delay in children up to 5 years old: Effect modification by progesterone and estradiol.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Article
- Combined Effects of PFAS and Metals on Cognitive Function.Environments (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PFAS exposure induces hearing loss by targeting cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neurotoxicity and Potential Mechanisms of Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs).Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Individual and mixture associations of placental per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance with neurodevelopment at 12 and 24 months of age.Environmental advances · 2025Article
- PFAS Exposure Induces Hearing Loss by Targeting Cochlear Hair Cells, Ribbon Synapses, and Spiral Ganglions.Research square · 2025Article
- Gestational exposures to mixtures of multiple chemical classes and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Effects of Early-life PFAS Exposure on Child Neurodevelopment: A Review of the Evidence and Research gaps.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Adverse outcome pathway for the neurotoxicity of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A systematic review.Eco-Environment & Health · 2024Review
- Community-Engaged Research and the Use of Open Access ToxVal/ToxRef In Vivo Databases and New Approach Methodologies (NAM) to Address Human Health Risks From Environmental Contaminants.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and child behavioral problems.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Prenatal and perinatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated drinking water impacts offspring neurobehavior and development.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Serum of 2 to 5 year-Old Children: Temporal Trends, Determinants, and Correlations with Maternal PFAS Concentrations.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Epidemiologic Advances Generated by the Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource Program.Current epidemiology reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are shown to have neurotoxic effects on animals, but epidemiological evidence for associations between childhood PFAS exposure and neurodevelopment is inconclusive. We examined if childhood PFAS concentrations are associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and other early concerns (OEC) in development.
methodsWe included 551 children 2-5 years old from the CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) case-control study. Children were clinically diagnosed and classified as having ASD, DD, OEC, and typical development (TD). Fourteen PFAS were quantified in child serum samples collected when diagnostic assessments were performed. We used multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the cross-sectional associations of individual PFAS concentrations with neurodevelopmental outcomes and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models with repeated holdout validation to investigate the associations with PFAS mixtures.
resultsChildhood perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with increased odds of ASD (odds ratio [OR] per ln ng/mL increase: 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20, 3.29) and DD (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.84) versus TD. Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) was associated with increased odds of ASD (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.13). However, perfluroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) was associated with decreased odds of ASD (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.69). From mixture analyses, the WQS index was associated with increased odds of ASD (average OR: 1.57, 5th and 95th percentile: 1.16, 2.13). Child's sex and homeownership modified associations of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) with DD and ASD, respectively.
conclusionsIn this case-control study, childhood PFOA, PFHpA, and a PFAS mixture was associated with increased odds of ASD, while PFUnDA was associated with decreased odds of ASD. Because we used concurrent measurements of PFAS, our results do not imply causal relationships and thus need to be interpreted with caution.
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