ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2022
Pediatric Brain Abscesses, Epidural Empyemas, and Subdural Empyemas Associated with Streptococcus Species - United States, January 2016-August 2022.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased Pediatric Head and Neck Abscesses Following the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Intracranial Complications Following Acute Rhinosinusitis in a Pediatric Patient Requiring Surgery: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Clinical Changes in Pediatric Acute Mastoiditis Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Eight-Year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary-Level Center.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiology of severe sinogenic and otogenic infections and their intracranial complications.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Novel case of pediatric basal ganglia abscess due to Streptococcus intermedius amid a rise in neuroinvasive infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of pediatric intracranial empyemas in Spain.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Review
- Cerebral Abscess and epidural empyema in a young immunocompetent patient caused by Streptococcus constellatus.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2025Article
- Changes in the epidemiology of pediatric brain abscesses pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- The association of COVID-19 pandemic with the increase of sinogenic and otogenic intracranial infections in children: a 10-year retrospective comparative single-center study.Neurosurgical review · 2024Article
- Intracranial complications of sinogenic and otogenic infections in children: an ESPN survey on their occurrence in the pre-COVID and post-COVID era.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Article
- mRNA: Vaccine or Gene Therapy? The Safety Regulatory Issues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Notes from the Field: Update on Pediatric Intracranial Infections - 19 States and the District of Columbia, January 2016-March 2023.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- Notes from the Field: Pediatric Intracranial Infections - Clark County, Nevada, January-December 2022.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, 2014-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Streptococcus constellatus causing concomitant extra and intracranial abscesses complicated with sagittal sinus thrombosis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In May 2022, CDC learned of three children in California hospitalized concurrently for brain abscess, epidural empyema, or subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus intermedius. Discussions with clinicians in multiple states raised concerns about a possible increase in pediatric intracranial infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus bacteria, during the past year and the possible contributing role of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1). Pediatric bacterial brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas, rare complications of respiratory infections and sinusitis, are often caused by Streptococcus species but might also be polymicrobial or caused by other genera, such as Staphylococcus. On June 9, CDC asked clinicians and health departments to report possible cases of these conditions and to submit clinical specimens for laboratory testing. Through collaboration with the Children's Hospital Association (CHA), CDC analyzed nationally representative pediatric hospitalizations for brain abscess and empyema. Hospitalizations declined after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, increased during summer 2021 to a peak in March 2022, and then declined to baseline levels. After the increase in summer 2021, no evidence of higher levels of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality, genetic relatedness of isolates from different patients, or increased antimicrobial resistance of isolates was observed. The peak in cases in March 2022 was consistent with historical seasonal fluctuations observed since 2016. Based on these findings, initial reports from clinicians (1) are consistent with seasonal fluctuations and a redistribution of cases over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. CDC will continue to work with investigation partners to monitor ongoing trends in pediatric brain abscesses and empyemas.
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