ReviewMedicine2022
Children and adolescent patients with goiter and normal thyroid function: US findings related to underlying autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Review in Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate and compare thyroid ultrasonography (US) findings in children and adolescents with goiter and normal thyroid function with positive or negative thyroid autoimmunity. From 2000 to 2020, we reviewed initial thyroid US images in 33 autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) patients and 52 nonAITD patients. Our review of the images focused on thyroid parenchymal hypoechogenicity and heterogeneous echopattern subdivided into 2 groups according to severity: hypoechogenicity 1 and 2 (HO1 and HO2) and heterogeneity 1 and 2 (HE1 and HE2). HO1 and HE1 were observed more frequently in the nonAITD group (86.5% and 42.3%, respectively), while HO2 and HE2 were observed more frequently in the AITDs group (36.4% and 81.8%, respectively). More patients in the AITDs group showed change of both US groups and thyroid function state within the follow-up periods than in nonAITD group (33.3% and 5.77%, respectively). Children and adolescent AITDs patients showed more severe parenchyma hypoechogenicity and heterogeneous echopattern compared with nonAITD patients with goiter and normal thyroid function.
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