ArticleDiabetes2022
Retinal Oxygen Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy.
Article in Diabetes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A New Approach to Retinal Oxygen Extraction Measurement Based on Laser Speckle Flowgraphy and Retinal Oximetry.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- Retinal blood flow increases with diabetic retinopathy severity in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study using laser doppler velocimetry.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinal Hypoxia: Relation to Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolic Biomarkers.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Racial Variations in Retinal Oxygen Metabolic Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Pilot Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A Novel Nomogram for Diabetic Retinopathy Prediction in Young and Middle-Aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4, a Novel Adipokine, Impairs Retinal Microcirculation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Association of hemispheric retinal oxygen extraction and macular plexus-specific capillary density in moderate to advanced glaucomatous hemifield defect.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Significant Correlation Between Retinal Blood Flow and Oxygen Saturation During Intravitreal Aflibercept Treatment for Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Vascular Contribution to Cerebral Waste Clearance Affected by Aging or Diabetes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- mTOR downregulation promotes anti-inflammatory responses via the CCL3-CCR5 axis in hypoxic retinopathy.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Impaired retinal oxygen metabolism and perfusion are accompanied by plasma protein and lipid alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in progressive stages of diabetic retinopathy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Ocular microvascular complications in diabetic retinopathy: insights from machine learning.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Article
- Neuro-vascular coupling and heart rate variability in patients with type II diabetes at different stages of diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess retinal oxygen metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n = 67) compared with healthy control subjects (n = 20). Thirty-four patients had no DR, 15 had mild DR, and 18 had moderate to severe DR. Retinal oxygen saturation in arteries and veins was measured using the oxygen module of a retinal vessel analyzer. Total retinal blood flow (TRBF) was measured using a custom-built Doppler optical coherence tomography system. Retinal oxygen extraction was calculated from retinal oxygen saturation and TRBF. Arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation was highest in healthy subjects (34.9 ± 7.5%), followed by patients with no DR (32.5 ± 6.3%) and moderate to severe DR (30.3 ± 6.5%). The lowest values were found in patients with mild DR (27.3 ± 8.0%, P = 0.010 vs. healthy subjects). TRBF tended to be higher in patients with no DR (40.1 ± 9.2 μL/min) and mild DR (41.8 ± 15.0 μL/min) than in healthy subjects (37.2 ± 5.7 μL/min) and patients with moderate to severe DR (34.6 ± 10.4 μL/min). Retinal oxygen extraction was the highest in healthy subjects (2.24 ± 0.57 μL O2/min), followed by patients with no DR (2.14 ± 0.6 μL O2/min), mild DR (1.90 ± 0.77 μL O2/min), and moderate to severe DR (1.78 ± 0.57 μL O2/min, P = 0.040 vs. healthy subjects). These results indicate that retinal oxygen metabolism is altered in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, retinal oxygen extraction decreases with increasing severity of DR.
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