Nuclear Receptors in Ovarian Function.

The ovary undergoes cycles of hormone production that regulate physiological changes necessary for folliculogenesis, ovulation and luteinisation, ultimately contributing to female reproductive success. Crucial to these biological processes is stage-specific nuclear receptor signalling. While the transcriptional regulatory roles of steroid receptors in female fertility and especially ovarian functions have long been documented, non-steroid receptors also play an important part in regulating gene expression at various stages of ovarian development. The recent application of high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic technologies has begun to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian nuclear receptor actions and pointed to a complex interplay between highly specific transcription co-regulators as well as between nuclear receptors in mediating mutual as well as unique target genes. Interrelationships between nuclear receptors as well as the involvement of context-specific protein and non-protein co-regulators are likely keys to the precise and specific nuclear receptor action in the ovary. Leveraging such knowledge on the nuclear receptor network is especially valuable in the development of novel fertility treatments as well as female contraceptives.