ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2022
Factors related to mouth breathing syndrome in preschool children and the effects of incompetent lip seal: An exploratory study.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated with Lip-Closing Strength in Children Undergoing Orthodontic Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Study on Quantitative Evaluation of Oral Muscle Tissue in Children With Low Tongue Posture Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Comprehensive Study on Nasal Ventilation Conditions Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Associations of incompetent lip seal and mouth breathing with stress in Japanese young adults: roles of oral function and nasal health.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Open Mouth Posture Syndrome (OMPS): Classification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and multidisciplinary management strategies for rhinitis-induced adenoid facies in children and adolescents: a review.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- A Multidisciplinary Approach to Swallowing Rehabilitation in Patients with Forward Head Posture.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Factors related to mouth breathing syndrome in preschool children and the effects of incompetent lip seal: An exploratory study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesA set of orofacial signs and symptoms completely or partially present in individuals who replace the correct pattern of nasal breathing with an oral or mixed pattern is defined as mouth breathing syndrome (MBS). In a previous report, it was clarified that an incompetent lip seal (ILS) affected the occurrence of MBS among primary school children. However, the factors related to MBS and the effect of ILS in preschool children remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors relevant to MBS in preschool children and investigate the relationship of ILS to MBS. MATERIAL AND
methodsWe surveyed 285 preschool children between 3 and 5 years of age. Their guardians completed the questionnaire, which consisted of 44 questions regarding the children's daily health conditions and lifestyle habits. To classify the closely related questions into their respective factors and to examine the strength of the correlation between the newly revealed factors, an exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation was performed.
resultsThe factor analysis identified nine items representing four factors. Factors 1-4 were defined as "diseases of the nose," "ILS," "problem with swallowing and chewing," and "eating and drinking habits," respectively. Factor 2 most strongly correlated with Factor 1, and both Factors showed a relatively strong correlation with Factor 3.
conclusionsThe initial stage of MBS may be present in preschool children. ILS and diseases of the nose can cause poor development of oral functions, such as breathing and eating.
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