ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022
Immune responses following 3rd and 4th doses of heterologous and homologous COVID-19 vaccines in kidney transplant recipients.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Humoral response after a fourth dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in immunocompromised patients. Results of a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Cellular immune response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Repeated COVID-19 Vaccination Drives Memory T- and B-cell Responses in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Transplantation · 2024Trial
- Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Predicted Neutralizing Activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Sipavibart: Results from Little DIPPER and the SUPERNOVA Substudy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and economic impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis with targeted immunotherapies for COVID-19 among immunosuppressed patients in Argentina.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Longitudinal profiling of antigen receptor gene repertoire dynamics in kidney transplant recipients after multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors and Vaccine Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Serological Response After the Fourth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine in Highly Immunosuppressed Patients.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Identification of immune signatures associated with both SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung transplantation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Long-Term Immuno-Response and Risk of Breakthrough Infection After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney Transplantation.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Heterologous Versus Homologous COVID-19 Boosters: Immune Response Outcomes in Renal Transplant Recipients.Journal of medical virology · 2024Observational
- Article
- Dietary Inulin to Improve SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients: The RIVASTIM-Inulin Randomised Controlled Trial.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Increased Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised Patients With Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding >8 Weeks, Retrospective Case-control Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Serological responses and clinical outcomes following a three-dose primary COVID-19 vaccine schedule in kidney transplant recipients and people on dialysis.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Solid organ transplant recipients have attenuated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, we report on immune responses to 3rd- (V3) and 4th- (V4) doses of heterologous and homologous vaccines in a kidney transplant population. Methods: We undertook a single centre cohort study of 724 kidney transplant recipients prospectively screened for serological responses following 3 primary doses of a SARS-CoV2 vaccine. 322 patients were sampled post-V4 for anti-spike (anti-S), with 69 undergoing assessment of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses. All vaccine doses were received post-transplant, only mRNA vaccines were used for V3 and V4 dosing. All participants had serological testing performed post-V2 and at least once prior to their first dose of vaccine. Findings: 586/724 (80.9%) patients were infection-naïve post-V3; 141/2586 (24.1%) remained seronegative at 31 (21-51) days post-V3. Timing of vaccination in relation to transplantation, OR: 0.28 (0.15-0.54), p=0.0001; immunosuppression burden, OR: 0.22 (0.13-0.37), p<0.0001, and a diagnosis of diabetes, OR: 0.49 (0.32-0.75), p=0.001, remained independent risk factors for non-seroconversion. Seropositive patients post-V3 had greater anti-S if primed with BNT162b2 compared with ChAdOx1, p=0.001.Post-V4, 45/239 (18.8%) infection-naïve patients remained seronegative. De novo seroconversion post-V4 occurred in 15/60 (25.0%) patients. There was no difference in anti-S post-V4 by vaccine combination, p=0.50. T-cell responses were poor, with only 11/54 (20.4%) infection-naive patients having detectable T-cell responses post-V4, with no difference seen by vaccine type. Interpretation: A significant proportion of transplant recipients remain seronegative following 3- and 4- doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with poor T-cell responses, and are likely to have inadequate protection against infection. As such alternative strategies are required to provide protection to this vulnerable group. Funding: MW/PK received study support from Oxford Immunotec.
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