ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022
Different loneliness types, cognitive function, and brain structure in midlife: Findings from the Framingham Heart Study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selected social and lifestyle correlates of brain health markers: the Cross-Cohort Collaboration Consortium.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Loneliness and cognition in older adults: A meta-analysis of harmonized studies from the United States, England, India, China, South Africa, Mexico, and Chile.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Beneficial Effect of Societal Factors on APOE-ε2 and ε4 Carriers' Brain Health: A Systematic Review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Loneliness and Plasma Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Towards a Multidimensional Model of Neurocognitive Disorders (MOND Model): Integrating Evidence from a Critical Review into a Model for Future Research.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Prevalence and risk factors of loneliness in older adults with preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease: the impact of depression, frailty-weight loss and quality of life.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Social Disconnection in the Brain: Loneliness and Age across Networks using Graph Theory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Loneliness as a sex-specific risk factor for cognitive aging.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Social disconnection in the brain: loneliness and age across networks using graph theory.Oxford open neuroscience · 2026Article
- Loneliness and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: multiple mediating effects of activities of daily living and anxiety.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association between loneliness and hippocampal responses to dynamic social stimuli in psychotic disorders.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Loneliness in schizophrenia: Just loneliness.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Review
- Childhood Loneliness and Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Lost in Thought or Just Lonely? Everyday Cognitive Competence in Middle Adulthood.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Chronic loneliness and longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in the UK Biobank: The Moderating Role of Sociability.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- HIV Stigma is Associated with Two-Year Decline in Cognitive Performance Among People with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Trends in Alzheimer's disease mortality in Espírito Santo, Brazil: a time series study.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2025Article
- The impact of psychosocial adversity on brain and behaviour: an overview of existing knowledge and directions for future research.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: It remains unclear whether persistent loneliness is related to brain structures that are associated with cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between different loneliness types, cognitive functioning, and regional brain volumes. Methods: Loneliness was measured longitudinally, using the item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in the Framingham Heart Study, Generation 3, with participants' average age of 46·3 ± 8·6 years. Robust regression models tested the association between different loneliness types with longitudinal neuropsychological performance ( Findings: Persistent loneliness, but not transient loneliness, was strongly associated with cognitive decline, especially memory and executive function. Persistent loneliness was negatively associated with temporal lobe volume ( Interpretation: Persistent loneliness in midlife was associated with atrophy in brain regions responsible for memory and executive dysfunction. Interventions to reduce the chronicity of loneliness may mitigate the risk of age-related cognitive decline and AD. Funding: US National Institute on Aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.